How to format your references using the The Journal of Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schreiber, S. J. 2011. Ecology. Mathematical Dances with wolves. Science 334: 1214–1215.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Brongersma, M. L., and V. M. Shalaev. 2010. Applied physics. The case for plasmonics. Science 328: 440–441.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Boyle, W. J., W. S. Simonet, and D. L. Lacey. 2003. Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423: 337–342.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Park, I.-K., D. Qian, M. Kiel, M. W. Becker, M. Pihalja, I. L. Weissman, S. J. Morrison, and M. F. Clarke. 2003. Bmi-1 is required for maintenance of adult self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 423: 302–305.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. King, M. 2011. Process Control,. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

1. 2014. Computing with New Resources: Essays Dedicated to Jozef Gruska on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, (C. S. Calude, R. Freivalds, and I. Kazuo, eds). Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

1. de Chiara, C., and A. Pastore. 2011. Polyglutamine Diseases and Neurodegeneration: The Example of Ataxin-1. In Supramolecular Structure and Function 10 J. Brnjas-Kraljević, and G. Pifat-Mrzljak, eds. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. 87–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Immunology.

Blog post

1. Andrew, E. 2014. Lead Pollution Got To The South Pole Before We Did. IFLScience .

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. 1976. International Cooperation in Energy Research and Development,. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Schroeder, S. K. 2017. Tau-Directed Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease. .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly, D. 1996. Books in Brief: FICTION. New York Times 718.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Immunology
Abbreviation	J. Immunol.
ISSN (print)	0022-1767
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
Scope	Immunology