How to format your references using the The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nath I. Obituary: Christopher Curtis (1939-2008). Nature. 2008;453(7198):1002.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kodama R, Fast-Ignitor Consortium. Fast heating scalable to laser fusion ignition. Nature. 2002;418(6901):933-934.

A journal article with 3 authors

Noborisaka J, Nishiguchi K, Fujiwara A. Electric tuning of direct-indirect optical transitions in silicon. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6950.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zack SP, Penkrot TA, Bloch JI, Rose KD. Affinities of “hyopsodontids” to elephant shrews and a Holarctic origin of Afrotheria. Nature. 2005;434(7032):497-501.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schoukens J, Pintelon R, Rolain Y. Mastering System Identification in 100 Exercises. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Granneman S. Mac OS X Snow Leopard for Power Users. (Andres C, Pundick D, Anglin S, et al., eds.). Apress; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

McMillan DB. Oviducts and Oviparity. In: McMillan DB, ed. Fish Histology: Female Reproductive Systems. Springer Netherlands; 2007:335-390.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Catalog Of Life’s Colors Created To Assist The Hunt For Extraterrestrial Life. IFLScience. March 17, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/catalog-lifes-colors-created-assist-hunt-extraterrestrial-life/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Wallop-Breaux Trust Fund. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clark M. How Charter School Teachers Act on Perceived Autonomy: A Qualitative Study of Curricular Decisions. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. The Man Who Fell, Looking Well. New York Times. December 8, 2015:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
Abbreviation	J. Heart Lung Transplant.
ISSN (print)	1053-2498
ISSN (online)	1557-3117
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery Transplantation