How to format your references using the The Journal for Nurse Practitioners citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski D. Ecologists score victory over controversial dyke project. Nature. 2001;410(6829):619.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tsuji K, Tsutani K. Follow the leader. Nature. 2008;453(7197):851-852.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gravina B, Mellars P, Ramsey CB. Radiocarbon dating of interstratified Neanderthal and early modern human occupations at the Chatelperronian type-site. Nature. 2005;438(7064):51-56.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zuo Y, Yang G, Kwon E, Gan WB. Long-term sensory deprivation prevents dendritic spine loss in primary somatosensory cortex. Nature. 2005;436(7048):261-265.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Keedwell E, Narayanan A. Intelligent Bioinformatics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Cheng YC, Cheung ACK, Ng SW, eds. Internationalization of Higher Education: The Case of Hong Kong. Vol 28. 1st ed. 2016. Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bruns E, Ohlhorst D, Wenzel B, Köppel J. Innovation Conditions in the Case of Solar Power Generation. In: Ohlhorst D, Wenzel B, Köppel J, eds. Renewable Energies in Germany’s Electricity Market: A Biography of the Innovation Process. Springer Netherlands; 2011:161-228.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal for Nurse Practitioners.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Europa Is Even More Similar To Earth Than We Thought. IFLScience. Published May 20, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/europa-s-oceans-could-be-chemically-similar-earth-s-own/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Attack Warning: NORAD’s Communications System Segment Replacement Program Should Be Reassessed. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lamb BK. A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions at a Roundabout and a Signalized Intersection in a Mid-Sized City. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bosman J. Judge Allows Conyers to Be on the Ballot in Michigan. New York Times. May 24, 2014:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
Abbreviation	J. Nurse Pract.
ISSN (print)	1555-4155
Scope	Fundamentals and skills LPN and LVN