How to format your references using the The Internet and Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Internet and Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Guessoum, N. (2013). Astrophysics: Time for an Arab astronomy renaissance. Nature, 498(7453), 161–164.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dunham-Snary, K. J., & Ballinger, S. W. (2015). GENETICS. Mitochondrial-nuclear DNA mismatch matters. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6255), 1449–1450.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schön, J. H., Meng, H., & Bao, Z. (2001). Self-assembled monolayer organic field-effect transistors. Nature, 413(6857), 713–716.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kennedy, T. A., Naeem, S., Howe, K. M., Knops, J. M. H., Tilman, D., & Reich, P. (2002). Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion. Nature, 417(6889), 636–638.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kroupa, V. F. (2005). Phase Lock Loops and Frequency Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Stolzenburg, J.-U., Türk, I. A., & Liatsikos, E. N. (Eds.). (2011). Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Surgery in Urology: Atlas of Standard Procedures (1st ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gautschi, H., & Gautschi, D. (2016). How Did We Get to Here? The Role of the State in Fostering Context. In D. Gautschi (Ed.), Technological Innovation and Economic Transformation: A Method for Contextual Analysis (pp. 77–119). Palgrave Macmillan US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Internet and Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, December 19). Nanotechnology To Outer Space: Ten Top Tech Innovations Of 2014. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1986). Special Education: Financing Health and Educational Services for Handicapped Children (HRD-86-62BR). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hwang, Y. J. (2006). Three Essays on Economics and Risk Perception [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, April 6). DeGrom Displays His Old Form, but the Mets’ Offense Sputters. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Guessoum, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Dunham-Snary & Ballinger, 2015; Guessoum, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dunham-Snary & Ballinger, 2015)
Three authors: (Schön et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Kennedy et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Internet and Higher Education
Abbreviation	Internet High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1096-7516
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Computer Science Applications Education

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