How to format your references using the The Internet and Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Internet and Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gudmundsson, G. H. (2006). Fortnightly variations in the flow velocity of Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica. Nature, 444(7122), 1063–1064.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pearson, P. N., & Palmer, M. R. (2000). Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature, 406(6797), 695–699.

A journal article with 3 authors

Park, H., Li, Y., & Tsien, R. W. (2012). Influence of synaptic vesicle position on release probability and exocytotic fusion mode. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6074), 1362–1366.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Nagarkar, S. S., Saha, T., Desai, A. V., Talukdar, P., & Ghosh, S. K. (2014). Metal-organic framework based highly selective fluorescence turn-on probe for hydrogen sulphide. Scientific Reports, 4, 7053.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cannon, C. M. (2011). An Executive’s Guide to Fundraising Operations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bartolo, B. D., & Collins, J. (Eds.). (2011). Biophotonics: Spectroscopy, Imaging, Sensing, and Manipulation. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Nakanishi, H., & Islam, M. F. (2009). Quantum Percolation in Two Dimensions. In B. K. Chakrabarti, K. K. Bardhan, & A. K. Sen (Eds.), Quantum and Semi-classical Percolation and Breakdown in Disordered Solids (pp. 1–26). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Internet and Higher Education.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, October 6). Rare Wandering Black Hole Spotted Drifting Alone Through A Distant Galaxy. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/rare-wandering-black-hole-spotted-drifting-alone-through-a-distant-galaxy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Within-School Discrimination: Inadequate Title VI Enforcement by the Office for Civil Rights (HRD-91-85). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ma, Y. (2013). Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Vector to Deliver Virus-Like Particles of Human Norovirus: A New Live Vectored Vaccine for Human Norovirus [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas, R. (2015, September 3). N.Y.U. Takes Cosby’s Name Off Workshop About Film. New York Times, A28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gudmundsson, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Gudmundsson, 2006; Pearson & Palmer, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pearson & Palmer, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Nagarkar et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Internet and Higher Education
Abbreviation	Internet High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1096-7516
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Computer Science Applications Education