How to format your references using the The Hastings Center Report citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Hastings Center Report (HCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Padma, T. V. “Developing Solutions.” Nature 466, no. 7304 (2010): S16-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trumbore, S. E., and C. I. Czimczik. “Geology. An Uncertain Future for Soil Carbon.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321, no. 5895 (2008): 1455–56.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, G., C. Liu, and S. Fan. “Directly Measuring of Thermal Pulse Transfer in One-Dimensional Highly Aligned Carbon Nanotubes.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2549.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Borden, J. H., G. Marland, B. Schlamadinger, R. Matthews, E. D. Schulze, C. Wirth, and M. Heimann. “‘Kyoto Forests’ and a Broader Perspective on Management.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 290, no. 5498 (2000): 1895c–1986c.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baker, H. K., and P. English. Capital Budgeting Valuation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Gillman, L. M., S. Widder, M. Blaivas MD, and D. Karakitsos, eds. Trauma Team Dynamics: A Trauma Crisis Resource Management Manual. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Ishii, M., and T. Hibiki. “Time Averaged Balance Equation.” In Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow, ed. T. Hibiki, 93–117. New York, NY: Springer, 2011.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Hastings Center Report.

Blog post

Davis, J. “Orangutan Found To Imitate Human Speech For The First Time.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/orangutan-found-to-imitate-human-speech-for-the-first-time/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “International Education Programs.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 25, 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gibb, A. “Implementing U.S. Security Strategy in the 21st Century: A Three-Part Examination of the Evolving Role of the Military in American Foreign and Security Policy.” Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. “The Man Who Fell, Looking Well.” New York Times, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Hastings Center Report
Abbreviation	Hastings Cent. Rep.
ISSN (print)	0093-0334
ISSN (online)	1552-146X
Scope