How to format your references using the The Hastings Center Report citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Hastings Center Report (HCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lu, S. “Zn2+ Blocks Annealing of Complementary Single-Stranded DNA in a Sequence-Selective Manner.” Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5464.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhou, S., and A. Bongiorno. “Origin of the Chemical and Kinetic Stability of Graphene Oxide.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2484.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lindström, N. O., P. Hohenstein, and J. A. Davies. “Nephrons Require Rho-Kinase for Proximal-Distal Polarity Development.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2692.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Raza, Z., I. Errea, A. R. Oganov, and A. M. Saitta. “Novel Superconducting Skutterudite-Type Phosphorus Nitride at High Pressure from First-Principles Calculations.” Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5889.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gordon, M. E. Trump University Entrepreneurship 101. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.

An edited book

Rattan, S. I. S., and M. Kassem, eds. Prevention and Treatment of Age-Related Diseases. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Backes, G., J. Orabi, G. Fischbeck, and A. Jahoor. “Barley.” In Cereals and Millets, ed. C. Kole, 155–210. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Hastings Center Report.

Blog post

Davis, J. “Cockatoos Make Decisions On Tool Use Depending On What The Main Gain In The Future.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cockatoos-make-decisions-on-tool-use-depending-on-what-the-main-gain-in-the-future/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Proprietary Schools: Poorer Student Outcomes at Schools That Rely More on Federal Student Aid.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 13, 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Foley, J. D. “Comparing Kac-Moody Groups over the Complex Numbers and Fields of Positive Characteristic via Homotopy Theory.” Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sheehan, N. “David and Goliath in Vietnam.” New York Times, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Hastings Center Report
Abbreviation	Hastings Cent. Rep.
ISSN (print)	0093-0334
ISSN (online)	1552-146X
Scope