How to format your references using the The Foot citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Foot. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Fröbisch J. Paleontology. On dental occlusion and saber teeth. Science 2011;331:1525–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bruno JF. The impact of climate change on the world’s marine ecosystems. Science 2010;328:1523–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Spencer TJ, Osborn T, Kohl PA. Materials science. High-frequency chip connections. Science 2008;320:756–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Al-Amoudi A, Díez DC, Betts MJ, Frangakis AS. The molecular architecture of cadherins in native epidermal desmosomes. Nature 2007;450:832–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Zelterman D. Discrete Distributions: Applications in the Health Sciences. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Bakker S, Hausen D, Selker T, editors. Peripheral Interaction: Challenges and Opportunities for HCI in the Periphery of Attention. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Pal SK. Rough-Fuzzy Granulation, Rough Entropy and Image Segmentation. In: Wang G-Y, Peters JF, Skowron A, Yao Y, editors. Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology: First International Conference, RSKT 2006, Chongquing, China, July 24-26, 2006. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006, p. 31–31.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Foot.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Using DNA To Unlock The Mysteries Of Cannabis And Reduce The Risk Of Dodgy ‘Medical’ Products. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Problems and Outlook of Small Private Liberal Arts Colleges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Rutherford J. What is old is new again: The role of discontinuity in nostalgia-related consumption. Doctoral dissertation. Florida Atlantic University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rothenberg B. Women’s Tennis Examines The Serve. New York Times 2017:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Foot
Abbreviation	Foot (Edinb.)
ISSN (print)	0958-2592
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Podiatry