How to format your references using the The Foot citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Foot. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Holden DW. Microbiology. Persisters unmasked. Science 2015;347:30–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hollowed AB, Sundby S. Ecology. Change is coming to the northern oceans. Science 2014;344:1084–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Theise ND, Krause DS, Sharkis S. Comment on “Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells.” Science 2003;299:1317; author reply 1317.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sporea RA, Trainor MJ, Young ND, Shannon JM, Silva SRP. Source-gated transistors for order-of-magnitude performance improvements in thin-film digital circuits. Sci Rep 2014;4:4295.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Frank P, Ottoboni MA. The Dose Makes the Poison. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Ingrassia S, Rocci R, Vichi M, editors. New Perspectives in Statistical Modeling and Data Analysis: Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society, Catania, September 9 - 11, 2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Huston DL, Champion DC, Cassidy KF. Tectonic controls on the endowment of Archean cratons in VHMS deposits: Evidence from PB and Nd isotopes. In: Mao J, Bierlein FP, editors. Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge: Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial SGA Meeting Beijing, China, 18–21 August 2005, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005, p. 15–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Foot.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. This Is What Bronze Age Women Looked Like. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/bronze-age-women-looked-like/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Financial Management Systems: Core Financial Systems at the 24 Chief Financial Officers Act Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Peacock C. Design science research toward designing/prototyping a repeatable model for testing location management (LM) algorithms for wireless networking. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Ryan Tries to Flatten A Persistent Opponent. New York Times 2010:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Foot
Abbreviation	Foot (Edinb.)
ISSN (print)	0958-2592
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Podiatry