How to format your references using the The Foot citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Foot. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Goroff DL. Information access. Balancing privacy versus accuracy in research protocols. Science 2015;347:479–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Schofield RMS, Nesson MH. Comment on “High abrasion resistance with sparse mineralization: copper biomineral in worm jaws.” Science 2003;301:1049; author reply 1049.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Fialkov A, Barkana R, Visbal E. The observable signature of late heating of the Universe during cosmic reionization. Nature 2014;506:197–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Nedimović MR, Hyndman RD, Ramachandran K, Spence GD. Reflection signature of seismic and aseismic slip on the northern Cascadia subduction interface. Nature 2003;424:416–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Harris J. The Utopian Globalists. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

White RE, Cooper K, editors. Principals in Succession: Transfer and Rotation in Educational Administration. vol. 13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Paul DJ. Quantum Cascade Lasers. In: Perenzoni M, Paul DJ, editors. Physics and Applications of Terahertz Radiation, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014, p. 103–21.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Foot.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Only Three EU Countries On Track To Meet Paris Climate Agreement Targets. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/only-three-eu-countries-on-track-to-meet-paris-climate-agreement-targets/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: The Effect of Competition From Satellite Providers on Cable Rates. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Payan Venegas R. Factors associated with the lack of a regular health care provider for Latinos: Consequences and reasons. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Guantánamo Legal Battle Is Resuming. New York Times 2007:114.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Foot
Abbreviation	Foot (Edinb.)
ISSN (print)	0958-2592
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Podiatry