How to format your references using the The Foot citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Foot. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Owens B. Drug development: The treasure chest. Nature 2015;525:S6-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Green CS, Bavelier D. Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature 2003;423:534–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gitlin L, Karelsky S, Andino R. Short interfering RNA confers intracellular antiviral immunity in human cells. Nature 2002;418:430–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

La Scola B, Audic S, Robert C, Jungang L, de Lamballerie X, Drancourt M, et al. A giant virus in amoebae. Science 2003;299:2033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Cronin R. Reading Victorian Poetry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Vermeir K, Funk Deckard M, editors. The Science of Sensibility: Reading Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry. vol. 206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Haskell JD. Hugo Grotius in the Contemporary Memory of International Law: Secularism, Liberalism, and the Politics of Restatement and Denial. In: Beneyto JM, Kennedy D, editors. New Approaches to International Law: The European and the American Experiences, The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press; 2013, p. 123–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Foot.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Male Hummingbirds Use Beaks As Daggers To Stab Opponents’ Throats. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-hummingbirds-use-beaks-daggers-stab-opponents-throats/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Airfield Pavement: Keeping Nation’s Runways in Good Condition Could Require Substantially Higher Spending. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Fails JA. Mobile collaboration for young children: Reading and creating stories. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poniewozik J. Selling Us a Better Vision of Ourselves. New York Times 2017:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Foot
Abbreviation	Foot (Edinb.)
ISSN (print)	0958-2592
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Podiatry