How to format your references using the The Cryosphere citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Cryosphere. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Davies, K.: Keep the directive that protects research animals, Nature, 521, 7, 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rieseberg, L. H. and Livingstone, K.: Evolution. Chromosomal speciation in primates, Science, 300, 267–268, 2003.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sleutels, F., Zwart, R., and Barlow, D. P.: The non-coding Air RNA is required for silencing autosomal imprinted genes, Nature, 415, 810–813, 2002.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Huang, T.-H., Yang, P.-K., Lien, D.-H., Kang, C.-F., Tsai, M.-L., Chueh, Y.-L., and He, J.-H.: Resistive memory for harsh electronics: immunity to surface effect and high corrosion resistance via surface modification, Sci. Rep., 4, 4402, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

MacGowan, C.: The Twentieth-Century American Fiction Handbook, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

Epstein, G. S.: Endogenous Public Policy and Contests, edited by: Nitzan, S., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XVI, 221 p pp., 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Furgel, I. and Lemke, K.: A Review of the Digital Tachograph System, in: Embedded Security in Cars: Securing Current and Future Automotive IT Applications, edited by: Lemke, K., Paar, C., and Wolf, M., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 69–94, 2006.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Cryosphere.

Blog post

Motor Neurone Disease Success in Animals: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/motor-neurone-disease-success-animals/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Governmentwide Initiatives: Critical Issues Facing the Next Federal Telecommunications System, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Slotnick, A.: Status symbols in triathlete culture, Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED, M. J.: Ex-Google Venture Capitalist Is Opening Fund of His Own, New York Times, 16th May, B4, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Davies, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Davies, 2015; Rieseberg and Livingstone, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rieseberg and Livingstone, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Cryosphere
ISSN (print)	1994-0416
ISSN (online)	1994-0424
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Water Science and Technology

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