How to format your references using the The Cryosphere citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Cryosphere. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
Cohen, J.: Knife-edge of design, Nature, 411, 529, 2001.
A journal article with 2 authors
Kent, D. V. and Tauxe, L.: Corrected Late Triassic latitudes for continents adjacent to the North Atlantic, Science, 307, 240–244, 2005.
A journal article with 3 authors
Mei, L., Chen, Y., and Ma, J.: Gas sensing of SnO2 nanocrystals revisited: developing ultra-sensitive sensors for detecting the H2S leakage of biogas, Sci. Rep., 4, 6028, 2014.
A journal article with 100 or more authors
Gruszczyk, J., Kanjee, U., Chan, L.-J., Menant, S., Malleret, B., Lim, N. T. Y., Schmidt, C. Q., Mok, Y.-F., Lin, K.-M., Pearson, R. D., Rangel, G., Smith, B. J., Call, M. J., Weekes, M. P., Griffin, M. D. W., Murphy, J. M., Abraham, J., Sriprawat, K., Menezes, M. J., Ferreira, M. U., Russell, B., Renia, L., Duraisingh, M. T., and Tham, W.-H.: Transferrin receptor 1 is a reticulocyte-specific receptor for Plasmodium vivax, Science, 359, 48–55, 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
Lane, C.: Magnolia, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.
An edited book
Cho, W. C. S. (Ed.): Evidence-based Anticancer Materia Medica, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, XIV, 442 p pp., 2011.
A chapter in an edited book
González-Araya, M. C., Soto-Silva, W. E., and Espejo, L. G. A.: Harvest Planning in Apple Orchards Using an Optimization Model, in: Handbook of Operations Research in Agriculture and the Agri-Food Industry, edited by: Plà-Aragonés, L. M., Springer, New York, NY, 79–105, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Cryosphere.

Blog post
Can Stem Cell Therapy Really Treat Multiple Sclerosis?

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
Government Accountability Office: Information on Prime Sponsor CETA Expenditures Related to Membership Organizations, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
Gauen, K. E.: The impact of the Instructional Practices Inventory at an Illinois middle school, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
Sisario, B.: Concord Bicycle Music Buying Imagem Music, New York Times, 2nd June, B6, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cohen, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Cohen, 2001; Kent and Tauxe, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

  • Two authors: (Kent and Tauxe, 2005)
  • Three or more authors: (Gruszczyk et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal titleThe Cryosphere
ISSN (print)1994-0416
ISSN (online)1994-0424
ScopeEarth-Surface Processes
Water Science and Technology

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