How to format your references using the The Annals of Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

O’Brien JL. Physics. Precision without entanglement. Science 2007;318:1393–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Worby CA, Dixon JE. Microbiology. Bacteria seize control by acetylating host proteins. Science 2006;312:1150–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Green BM, Finn KJ, Li JJ. Loss of DNA replication control is a potent inducer of gene amplification. Science 2010;329:943–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Pfreundt U, Kopf M, Belkin N, Berman-Frank I, Hess WR. The primary transcriptome of the marine diazotroph Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101. Sci Rep 2014;4:6187.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chakrabarty P. A Guide to Academia. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Agosti M, Ferro N, Peters C, Rijke M de, Smeaton A, editors. Multilingual and Multimodal Information Access Evaluation: International Conference of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2010, Padua, Italy, September 20-23, 2010. Proceedings. vol. 6360. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ao X, Cui X, Liu G. Implementation of GNSS Attitude Determination Receiver. In: Sun J, Jiao W, Wu H, Lu M, editors. China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2014 Proceedings: Volume I, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 29–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Astronomers Have Found New Evidence That We Live In A Void. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-have-found-new-evidence-that-we-live-in-a-void/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Need for More Effective Management of Transportation Data Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Miranda PJ. Tightly-coupled sulfur-cycling microbial mats of the White Point hydrothermal vent field, CA: An analog for deep-sea vents. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kishkovsky S. Russian Orthodox Church Adds Influential Voice to Calls for Election Reform. New York Times 2011:A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Thorac. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0003-4975
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery