How to format your references using the The Annals of Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Butler D. Europe agrees to boost Internet networks used by researchers. Nature 2000;405:261–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Dove W, Susman M. Retrospective. James F. Crow (1916-2012). Science 2012;335:812.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Toulokhonov I, Artsimovitch I, Landick R. Allosteric control of RNA polymerase by a site that contacts nascent RNA hairpins. Science 2001;292:730–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Kirk J, Ruiz J, Chesley J, Walshe J, England G. A major Archean, gold- and crust-forming event in the Kaapvaal craton, South Africa. Science 2002;297:1856–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Furger C. Live Cell Assays. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Petzek E, Băncilă R, editors. Economical Bridge Solutions based on innovative composite dowels and integrated abutments: Ecobridge. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

van Eemeren FH, Garssen B, Krabbe ECW, Snoeck Henkemans AF, Verheij B, Wagemans JHM. The New Rhetoric. In: Garssen B, Krabbe ECW, Snoeck Henkemans AF, Verheij B, Wagemans JHM, editors. Handbook of Argumentation Theory, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014, p. 257–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. A Load Of New Species Have Been Found In Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-load-of-new-species-have-been-found-in-deep-sea-hydrothermal-vents/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Reclaim for Mileage and Relocation Expenses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sokolov CK. Teacher Engagement In Grades 4-8. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wagner J. Alone Among Starters: Healthy and Dominant. New York Times 2017:B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Thorac. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0003-4975
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery