How to format your references using the The Annals of Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Halliday AN. Planetary science. The origin of the Moon. Science 2012;338:1040–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

England PC, Katz RF. Global systematics of arc volcano position. Nature 2010;468:E6-7; discussion E7-8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sleutels F, Zwart R, Barlow DP. The non-coding Air RNA is required for silencing autosomal imprinted genes. Nature 2002;415:810–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Rohs R, West SM, Sosinsky A, Liu P, Mann RS, Honig B. The role of DNA shape in protein-DNA recognition. Nature 2009;461:1248–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Pai MD FACC FRCP Edin RG, Varadarajan MD FACC P. Echocardiography Board Review. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Li D, Chen Y, editors. Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VI: 6th IFIP WG 5.14 International Conference, CCTA 2012, Zhangjiajie, China, October 19-21, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, Part I. vol. 392. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Tomczak JM, Haule K, Kotliar G. Thermopower of the Correlated Narrow Gap Semiconductor FeSi and Comparison to RuSi. In: Zlatic V, Hewson A, editors. New Materials for Thermoelectric Applications: Theory and Experiment, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013, p. 45–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. How To Make Galaxy Themed Easter Eggs. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Surface Transportation: Issues Associated With Pipeline Regulation by the Surface Transportation Board. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wells JP. A case study of educators’ perceptions of the effects of high -stakes testing and accountability policies on high- and low-poverty middle schools in a Maryland school district. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Chen DW, David Goodman J. In Naming Top Police Official, De Blasio May Signal Change. New York Times 2013:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Thorac. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0003-4975
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery