How to format your references using the The Annals of Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Eisenstein M. Pesticides: Seeking answers amid a toxic debate. Nature 2015;521:S52-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sachs JP, Anderson RF. Increased productivity in the subantarctic ocean during Heinrich events. Nature 2005;434:1118–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Tagliabue G, Eghlidi H, Poulikakos D. Rapid-response low infrared emission broadband ultrathin plasmonic light absorber. Sci Rep 2014;4:7181.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Juhás P, Cherba DM, Duxbury PM, Punch WF, Billinge SJL. Ab initio determination of solid-state nanostructure. Nature 2006;440:655–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Hopp V. Grundlagen der Life Sciences. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2000.

An edited book

[1]

Cooper WW. Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models, Applications, References and DEA-Solver Software. Second Edition. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zuazo VHD, Pleguezuelo CRR, Flanagan D, Tejero IG, Fernández JLM. Sustainable Land Use and Agricultural Soil. In: Lichtfouse E, editor. Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011, p. 107–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Slowing Down The Development Of Alzheimer’s Plaques. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Food Update, Volume 2, Issue 4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Aslanyan AL. Psycho-educational group for family members of adults with a mental health diagnosis: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times 2017:C20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Thorac. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0003-4975
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery