How to format your references using the The Annals of Statistics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Statistics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Basu, S. (2012). Astronomy. Brown-dwarf origins. Science 337 43–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Brookes, J. D. and Carey, C. C. (2011). Ecology. Resilience to blooms. Science 334 46–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Fiorin, G., Carnevale, V. and DeGrado, W. F. (2010). Structural biology. The flu’s proton escort. Science 330 456–8.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Pascual, J. I., Lorente, N., Song, Z., Conrad, H. and Rust, H.-P. (2003). Selectivity in vibrationally mediated single-molecule chemistry. Nature 423 525–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sullivan, D. M. (2012). Quantum Mechanics for Electrical Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

[1]

Padget, J., Artikis, A., Vasconcelos, W., Stathis, K., Silva, V. T. da, Matson, E. and Polleres, A. (2010). Coordination, Organizations, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems V: COIN 2009 International Workshops. COIN@AAMAS 2009, Budapest, Hungary, May 2009, COIN@IJCAI 2009, Pasadena, USA, July 2009, COIN@MALLOW 2009, Turin, Italy, September 2009. Revised Selected Papers. vol 6069 Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Emoto, K., Hu, Z., Kakehi, K., Matsuzaki, K. and Takeichi, M. (2010). Generators-of-Generators Library with Optimization Capabilities in Fortress. In Euro-Par 2010 - Parallel Processing: 16th International Euro-Par Conference, Ischia, Italy, August 31 - September 3, 2010, Proceedings, Part II Lecture Notes in Computer Science (P. D’Ambra, M. Guarracino and D. Talia, ed) pp 26–37. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Statistics.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan, J. (2017). Check Out These Stunning Methane Clouds On Titan.IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/check-out-these-stunning-methane-clouds-on-titan/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Joint Strike Fighter Acquisition: Development Schedule Should Be Changed to Reduce Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Agbi, E. S. (2010). Shadow economy and the related issues of tax evasion: A comparative analysis among Canadian workers. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow, K. (2001). Sailors’ Quarters, Once 25 Cents. New York Times 143.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Statistics
ISSN (print)	0090-5364
ISSN (online)	2168-8966
Scope