How to format your references using the The American Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sapolsky RM. The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):648–52.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kroymann J, Mitchell-Olds T. Epistasis and balanced polymorphism influencing complex trait variation. Nature. 2005 May 5;435(7038):95–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee JB, Park C, Seoul National University Investigation Committee. Molecular genetics: verification that Snuppy is a clone. Nature. 2006 Mar 9;440(7081):E2-3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru JK, Tilly JL. Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary. Nature. 2004 Mar 11;428(6979):145–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

O’Gorman TW. Adaptive Tests of Significance Using Permutations of Residuals with R and SAS®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Bello F, Cotin S, editors. Biomedical Simulation: 6th International Symposium, ISBMS 2014, Strasbourg, France, October 16-17, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. XII, 244 p. 120 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 8789).

A chapter in an edited book

Sioutas S, Tsichlas K, Karydis I, Manolopoulos Y, Theodoridis Y. NEFOS: Rapid Cache-Aware Range Query Processing with Probabilistic Guarantees. In: Hameurlain A, Liddle SW, Schewe KD, Zhou X, editors. Database and Expert Systems Applications: 22nd International Conference, DEXA 2011, Toulouse, France, August 29 - September 2, 2011 Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 62–77. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Clownfish Undertake Epic Journeys [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nemo-could-have-traveled-400-kilometers-real-life-marlin-wouldnt/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Surface and Maritime Transportation: Developing Strategies for Enhancing Mobility: A National Challenge. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Aug. Report No.: GAO-02-775.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jin H. Periodic Motions and Bifurcation Tree in a Periodically Excited Duffing Oscillator with Time-delay [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gates A. One Despicable, Another Disdainful. New York Times. 2013 Jun 21;CT10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
ISSN (print)	0735-6757
ISSN (online)	1532-8171
Scope

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