How to format your references using the The American Journal of Dermatopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The American Journal of Dermatopathology (AJD). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Silk J. Astronomy. A journey through time. Science. 2006;313:925–926.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hastings A, Palmer MA. Mathematics and biology. A bright future for biologists and mathematicians? Science. 2003;299:2003–2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aziz T, Stein J, Yogeshwar R. Animal testing: TV or not TV? Nature. 2011;470:457–459.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fàbrega C, Farrow MA, Mukhopadhyay B, et al. An aminoacyl tRNA synthetase whose sequence fits into neither of the two known classes. Nature. 2001;411:110–114.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bajpai P. Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Wiencke C, Bischof K, eds. Seaweed Biology: Novel Insights into Ecophysiology, Ecology and Utilization. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Alieva T, Rodrigo JA, Cámara A, et al. The Linear Canonical Transformations in Classical Optics. In: Healy JJ, Alper Kutay M, Ozaktas HM, et al., eds. Linear Canonical Transforms: Theory and Applications. Springer Series in Optical Sciences. New York, NY: Springer; 2016:113–178.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The American Journal of Dermatopathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Self-love in the animal kingdom.IFLScience. November 14, 2013. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/self-love-animal-kingdom/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Airport Perimeter and Access Control Security Would Benefit from Risk Assessment and Strategy Updates. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lynch LE. Financial regulation and economic performance: A descriptive correlation study of American financial institutions. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times. April 3, 2015:C30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The American Journal of Dermatopathology
ISSN (print)	0193-1091
ISSN (online)	1533-0311
Scope