How to format your references using the TEST citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for TEST. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Balibar S (2010) The enigma of supersolidity. Nature 464:176–182

A journal article with 2 authors

Steiner G, Salvini-Plawen L (2001) Acaenoplax--polychaete or mollusc? Nature 414:601–2; discussion 602

A journal article with 3 authors

Mellman I, Coukos G, Dranoff G (2011) Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature 480:480–489

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Garman SC, Wurzburg BA, Tarchevskaya SS, et al (2000) Structure of the Fc fragment of human IgE bound to its high-affinity receptor Fc epsilonRI alpha. Nature 406:259–266

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Potter L (2012) The Life of William Shakespeare. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Sovacool BK (2016) The Political Economy of Climate Change Adaptation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Krüger R, Stumpf A (2013) Understanding Growth Barriers. In: Stumpf A (ed) Brand Growth Barriers: Identify, Understand, and Overcome Them. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 51–74

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for TEST.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Nest Architecture Determines Ants’ Capacity To Forage Collectively. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nest-architecture-determines-ants-capacity-forage-collectively/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Aviation Safety Hazards. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung J (2009) Understanding caregiving for older adults with dementia in Korean American families. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Silver N (2012) Let’s Play Medalball! New York Times MM40

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Balibar 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Steiner and Salvini-Plawen 2001; Balibar 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Steiner and Salvini-Plawen 2001)
Three or more authors: (Garman et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	TEST
Abbreviation	Test (Madr.)
ISSN (print)	1133-0686
ISSN (online)	1863-8260
Scope	Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty Statistics and Probability