How to format your references using the TEST citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for TEST. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kogan SC (2010) Medicine. Poisonous contacts. Science 328:184–185

A journal article with 2 authors

Bao J, Bawendi MG (2015) A colloidal quantum dot spectrometer. Nature 523:67–70

A journal article with 3 authors

Inoue M, Tanimoto M, Oda Y (2013) The role of ear stone size in hair cell acoustic sensory transduction. Sci Rep 3:2114

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chao W, Harteneck BD, Liddle JA, et al (2005) Soft X-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution better than 15 nm. Nature 435:1210–1213

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwartz RA, Carew MG, Maksimenko T (2010) Micro Markets. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Haines AJ (2015) Enhanced Surface Imaging of Crustal Deformation: Obtaining Tectonic Force Fields Using GPS Data, 1st ed. 2015. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Freudenburg WR, Gramling R, Laska S, Erikson KT (2012) The Growth Machine Comes to New Orleans. In: Gramling R, Laska S, Erikson KT (eds) Catastrophe in the Making: The Engineering of Katrina and the Disasters of Tomorrow. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, Washington, DC, pp 55–66

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for TEST.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2017) Don’t Panic: The Northern Lights Won’t Be Turning Off Anytime Soon. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) USCIS Transformation: Improvements to Performance, Human Capital, and Information Technology Management Needed as Modernization Proceeds. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wolff A (2013) PRIDE: A psycho-educational peer support group for LGBTIQ youth: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J (2017) Schwarzenegger Won’t Return to ‘Celebrity Apprentice.’ New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kogan 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Kogan 2010; Bao and Bawendi 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bao and Bawendi 2015)
Three or more authors: (Chao et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	TEST
Abbreviation	Test (Madr.)
ISSN (print)	1133-0686
ISSN (online)	1863-8260
Scope	Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty Statistics and Probability