How to format your references using the Technology, Innovation and Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Innovation and Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heeney JL (2015) Ebola: Hidden reservoirs. Nature 527:453–455

A journal article with 2 authors

Rohrbach A, Schmidt MW (2011) Redox freezing and melting in the Earth’s deep mantle resulting from carbon-iron redox coupling. Nature 472:209–212

A journal article with 3 authors

Logvenov G, Gozar A, Bozovic I (2009) High-temperature superconductivity in a single copper-oxygen plane. Science 326:699–702

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hartschuh A, Pedrosa HN, Novotny L, Krauss TD (2003) Simultaneous fluorescence and Raman scattering from single carbon nanotubes. Science 301:1354–1356

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ruehli AE, Antonini G, Jiang L (2017) Circuit Oriented Electromagnetic Modeling Using the Peec Techniques. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kasch F (2009) Regularity and Substructures of Hom. Birkhäuser, Basel

A chapter in an edited book

Mobilio S (2015) Introduction to Matter Radiation Interaction. In: Mobilio S, Boscherini F, Meneghini C (eds) Synchrotron Radiation: Basics, Methods and Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 107–143

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Innovation and Education.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2015) Drone’s Death Mission Provides Stunning Footage Of Volcano. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Cost and Legal Authority for Selected Financial Literacy Programs and Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith GS (2008) The relationship between legislative implementations and educator readiness in inclusive educational environments. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Apuzzo M, Fink S, Risen J (2016) U.S. Torture Leaves a Legacy of Detainees With Damaged Minds. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heeney 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Rohrbach and Schmidt 2011; Heeney 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rohrbach and Schmidt 2011)
Three or more authors: (Hartschuh et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Innovation and Education
Abbreviation	Technol. Innov. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2197-9855
Scope