How to format your references using the Technology, Innovation and Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Innovation and Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fujita T (2006) Virology. Sensing viral RNA amid your own. Science 314:935–936

A journal article with 2 authors

Nguyen JH, Holmes NC (2004) Melting of iron at the physical conditions of the Earth’s core. Nature 427:339–342

A journal article with 3 authors

Carpenter SJ, Erickson JM, Holland FD Jr (2003) Migration of a Late Cretaceous fish. Nature 423:70–74

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yang Q, Lu Z, Sun X, Liu J (2013) Ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheet arrays with high supercapacitive performance. Sci Rep 3:3537

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ancheyta J (2011) Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Erkelens LH, Meij AWH, Pawlik M (eds) (2015) The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: An extended arm or a Two-Headed dragon? T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague

A chapter in an edited book

Gao Z, Stephan F, Zilles S (2015) Combining Models of Approximation with Partial Learning. In: Chaudhuri K, Gentile C, Zilles S (eds) Algorithmic Learning Theory: 26th International Conference, ALT 2015, Banff, AB, Canada, October 4-6, 2015, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 56–70

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Innovation and Education.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Strange Microorganism Under The Sea May Be Missing Link In Evolution. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/strange-microorganism-under-sea-may-be-missing-link-evolution/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) FCC Needs To Monitor a Changing International Telecommunications Market. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hong PK (2013) Stomach cancer diet education and screening awareness in East Asian American women. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J (2017) How the Titan Who Terrified The New Yorker Ended Up Saving It. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fujita 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Nguyen and Holmes 2004; Fujita 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nguyen and Holmes 2004)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Innovation and Education
Abbreviation	Technol. Innov. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2197-9855
Scope