How to format your references using the Technology, Innovation and Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technology, Innovation and Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kunzig R (2003) Perceptions of science. Deep-sea biology: living with the endless frontier. Science 302:991

A journal article with 2 authors

Aussillous P, Quéré D (2001) Liquid marbles. Nature 411:924–927

A journal article with 3 authors

Gore J, Youk H, van Oudenaarden A (2009) Snowdrift game dynamics and facultative cheating in yeast. Nature 459:253–256

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Minozzo FC, Baroni BM, Correa JA, et al (2013) Force produced after stretch in sarcomeres and half-sarcomeres isolated from skeletal muscles. Sci Rep 3:2320

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maier H (2015) Chemiker im „Dritten Reich“. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Bobe R, Alemseged Z, Behrensmeyer AK (eds) (2007) Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Cheikhrouhou L, Rock G, Stephan W, et al (2006) Verifying a Chipcard-Based Biometric Identification Protocol in VSE. In: Górski J (ed) Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 25th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2006, Gdansk, Poland, September 27-29, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 42–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technology, Innovation and Education.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Scientists Discover Earliest Known Evidence of Bone Marrow. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-discover-earliest-known-evidence-bone-marrow/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Math and Science Education: Comprehensive Information About Federally Funded Materials Not Available. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Oh Y (2006) Prediction of Steady State Response in Dynamic Mode Atomic Force Microscopy and Its Applications in Nano-metrology. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2006) With O’Connor Retirement and a New Chief Justice Comes an Awareness of Change. New York Times A10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kunzig 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Aussillous and Quéré 2001; Kunzig 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aussillous and Quéré 2001)
Three or more authors: (Minozzo et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technology, Innovation and Education
Abbreviation	Technol. Innov. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2197-9855
Scope