How to format your references using the Technobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technobiology (TECHBIO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Guest, J., Ecology. How Reefs Respond to Mass Coral Spawning, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 320, no. 5876, pp. 621–23, May 2, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Quist, D. and Chapela, I. H., Transgenic DNA Introgressed into Traditional Maize Landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico, Nature, vol. 414, no. 6863, pp. 541–43, November 29, 2001.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ford, E. B., Lystad, V. and Rasio, F. A., Planet-Planet Scattering in the Upsilon Andromedae System, Nature, vol. 434, no. 7035, pp. 873–76, April 14, 2005.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lei, Y., Mehmood, F., Lee, S., Greeley, J., Lee, B., Seifert, S., Winans, R. E., et al., Increased Silver Activity for Direct Propylene Epoxidation via Subnanometer Size Effects, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 328, no. 5975, pp. 224–28, April 9, 2010.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang, J.-J., Hydraulic Fracturing in Earth-Rock Fill DAMS, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

Mullin, T. and Kerswell, R. Eds., IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition and Finite Amplitude Solutions, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, VII, 336 p, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Rosell, M., Häggblom, M. M. and Richnow, H.-H., Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) to Characterise Degradation Pathways and to Quantify In-Situ Degradation of Fuel Oxygenates and Other Fuel-Derived Contaminants, in Fuel Oxygenates, D. Barceló, Ed., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 99–119, 2007.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technobiology.

Blog post

Fang, J., Brazilian Stingless Bees Farm Fungus To Feed Their Offspring, IFLScience, October 23, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, ADP Modernization: Health Care Financing Administration’s Software Redesign Contract, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, IMTEC-89-15, Mar. 16, 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bottorff, A. K., Evaluating Summer School Programs and the Effect on Student Achievement: The Correlation between Stanford-10 Standardized Test Scores and Two Different Summer Programs, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Van Gelder, S. K. C. by L., Arts, Briefly; Russia: Happy Birthday, Maya, New York Times, November 17, 2005.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Guest, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Guest, 2008; Quist et al., 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Quist et al., 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lei et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technobiology
ISSN (print)	2578-2401
ISSN (online)	2578-241X
Scope