How to format your references using the Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lippard SJ. Obituary: Frank Albert Cotton (1930-2007). Nature. 2007;446(7136):626.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bardgett RD, van der Putten WH. Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature. 2014;515(7528):505-511.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luhmann HJ, Kirischuk S, Kilb W. Comment on “Local impermeant anions establish the neuronal chloride concentration.” Science. 2014;345(6201):1130.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Haine ER, Moret Y, Siva-Jothy MT, Rolff J. Antimicrobial defense and persistent infection in insects. Science. 2008;322(5905):1257-1259.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society. Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures Using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2012.

An edited book

Martellini M, ed. Cyber Security: Deterrence and IT Protection for Critical Infrastructures. Springer International Publishing; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Nešetřil J, de Mendez PO. Measuring Sparsity. In: Ossona de Mendez P, ed. Sparsity: Graphs, Structures, and Algorithms. Algorithms and Combinatorics. Springer; 2012:61-88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.

Blog post

Andrew D. Surprising Ways That Caffeine Affects Your Body And Brain. IFLScience. Published October 1, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/surprising-ways-that-caffeine-affects-your-body-and-brain/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Information on Participation in the E-Rate Program (GAO-09-254SP, March 2009), an e-Supplement to GAO-09-253. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morrow ST. Coboundary Theorems for Collections of Random Variables with Moment Conditions. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. January 27, 2017:MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management
Abbreviation	Tech. Reg. Anesth. Pain Manag.
ISSN (print)	1084-208X
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

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