How to format your references using the Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clary DC. Chemistry. Geometric phase in chemical reactions. Science. 2005;309(5738):1195-1196.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frede J, Jones PH. Development. Permission to proliferate. Science. 2013;342(6163):1183-1184.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kilb D, Gomberg J, Bodin P. Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses. Nature. 2000;408(6812):570-574.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yang Q, Bermingham NA, Finegold MJ, Zoghbi HY. Requirement of Math1 for secretory cell lineage commitment in the mouse intestine. Science. 2001;294(5549):2155-2158.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Qu D. Manufacturing and Managing Customer-Driven Derivatives. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Foster A. Scanning Probe Microscopy: Atomic Scale Engineering by Forces and Currents. (Hofer W, ed.). Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Otto S, Kwon TG, Assaf AT. Definition, Clinical Features and Staging of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. In: Otto S, ed. Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, and New Agents. Springer; 2015:43-54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.

Blog post

Taub B. Smell Receptors In Lungs Could Hold Key To Treating Asthma. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Truck Safety: Improvements Needed in FHwA’s Motor Carrier Safety Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zakharov D. The Discrete Dirac Operator and the Discrete Generalized Weierstrass Representation in Pseudo-Euclidean Spaces. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Final Debate Is Watched by 71 Million. New York Times. October 20, 2016:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management
Abbreviation	Tech. Reg. Anesth. Pain Manag.
ISSN (print)	1084-208X
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine