How to format your references using the Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor I. Recession Watch: Learn to convince politicians. Nature. 2009;457(7232):958-959.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kramer EM, Donohue K. Evolution. Traversing the adaptive landscape in snapdragons. Science. 2006;313(5789):924-925.

A journal article with 3 authors

Farihi J, Gänsicke BT, Koester D. Evidence for water in the rocky debris of a disrupted extrasolar minor planet. Science. 2013;342(6155):218-220.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Markovitsi D, Talbot F, Gustavsson T, Onidas D, Lazzarotto E, Marguet S. Molecular spectroscopy: complexity of excited-state dynamics in DNA. Nature. 2006;441(7094):E7; discussion E8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pearce R, Barnes S. Raising Venture Capital. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Kurosu M, ed. Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services: 15th International Conference, HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II. Vol 8005. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Ram AR, Chaudhuri S. Preprocessing of Lecture Videos. In: Chaudhuri S, ed. Video Analysis and Repackaging for Distance Education. Springer; 2012:45-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.

Blog post

Luntz S. White Dwarf Stars Eat Their Planets. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Month In Review, July 1999: Reports, Testimony, Correspondence, and Other Publications. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hendricks J. Playing-With the World: Toy Story’s Aesthetics and Metaphysics of Play. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Generations Aching to Connect. New York Times. September 13, 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management
Abbreviation	Tech. Reg. Anesth. Pain Manag.
ISSN (print)	1084-208X
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine