How to format your references using the Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Williams E. Environmental effects of information and communications technologies. Nature. 2011;479(7373):354-358.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vähärautio A, Taipale J. Cancer. Cancer by super-enhancer. Science. 2014;346(6215):1291-1292.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hwang J, Timusk T, Carbotte JP. Scanning-tunnelling spectra of cuprates. Nature. 2007;446(7132):E3-4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bernal D, Donley JM, Shadwick RE, Syme DA. Mammal-like muscles power swimming in a cold-water shark. Nature. 2005;437(7063):1349-1352.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nordenström J. The Hunt for the Parathyroids. John Wiley & Sons; 2012.

An edited book

Chakravarthi VS, Shirur YJM, Prasad R, eds. Proceedings of International Conference on VLSI, Communication, Advanced Devices, Signals & Systems and Networking (VCASAN-2013). Vol 258. Springer India; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Ryan MC, Grewal IS. Targeting of BAFF and APRIL for Autoimmunity and Oncology. In: Grewal IS, ed. Therapeutic Targets of the TNF Superfamily. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer; 2009:52-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.

Blog post

Andrew E. Second Inexplicable Die Off Of 60,000 Antelopes. IFLScience. September 4, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/second-inexplicable-die-60000-antelope/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Security: State Has Taken Steps to Implement a Continuous Monitoring Application, but Key Challenges Remain. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greenfield Pace JA. The Influence of Accountability and Commitment on Team Performance of Airline Flight Crews. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG. Black Mask Plans YouTube Comics Channels and Animated Movies. New York Times. March 9, 2015:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management
Abbreviation	Tech. Reg. Anesth. Pain Manag.
ISSN (print)	1084-208X
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine