How to format your references using the Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Neylon C. Stitching science together. Nature 2009;461:881.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Simons M, Eichmann A. Physiology. Lymphatics are in my veins. Science 2013;341:622–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kaneko Y, Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Anti-inflammatory activity of immunoglobulin G resulting from Fc sialylation. Science 2006;313:670–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Bhattacharjee P, Paul S, Banerjee M, Patra D, Banerjee P, Ghoshal N, et al. Functional compensation of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null by another GST superfamily member, GSTM2. Sci Rep 2013;3:2704.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

King AM. Internal Control of Fixed Assets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Hammarlund-Udenaes M, de Lange ECM, Thorne RG, editors. Drug Delivery to the Brain: Physiological Concepts, Methodologies and Approaches. vol. 10. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Jacobs K, Spierings N. Interparty Relations: David versus Goliath. In: Spierings N, editor. Social Media, Parties, and Political Inequalities, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016, p. 77–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. Mars Astronauts May Suffer Dementia Due To Cosmic Radiation. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mars-astronauts-may-suffer-dementia-due-to-cosmic-radiation/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Klein KA. Vocabulary acquisition via cross-situational learning. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sisario B. One Direction Ties A Beatles Record. New York Times 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Abbreviation	Tech. Gastrointest. Endosc.
ISSN (print)	1096-2883
Scope	Gastroenterology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging