How to format your references using the Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Budd G. Climbing life’s tree. Nature 2001;412:487.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Seeley RJ, Sandoval DA. Neuroscience: weight loss through smoking. Nature 2011;475:176–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Zhu G, Golding GB, Dean AM. The selective cause of an ancient adaptation. Science 2005;307:1279–82.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ricardo A, Carrigan MA, Olcott AN, Benner SA. Borate minerals stabilize ribose. Science 2004;303:196.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Dickeson RC. Prioritizing Academic Programs and Services. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Masys AJ, editor. Exploring the Security Landscape: Non-Traditional Security Challenges. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hanif S, van Lon RRS, Gui N, Holvoet T. Delegate MAS for Large Scale and Dynamic PDP: A Case Study. In: Brazier FMT, Nieuwenhuis K, Pavlin G, Warnier M, Badica C, editors. Intelligent Distributed Computing V: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Intelligent Distributed Computing – IDC 2011, Delft, The Netherlands – October 2011, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 23–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. India Opens World’s First Ever Solar-Powered Airport. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Job Access and Reverse Commute: Program Status and Potential Effects of Proposed Legislative Changes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sorensen TR. The Use of Classroom Walk-Through Observations as a Strategy to Improve Teaching and Learning: A Student Centered Perspective. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Chira S. Mixed Signals on the Runways. New York Times 2017:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Abbreviation	Tech. Gastrointest. Endosc.
ISSN (print)	1096-2883
Scope	Gastroenterology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging