How to format your references using the Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Montgomery MH. Astronomy. Shooting for the stars. Science 2011;332:180–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Noda H, Lapusta N. Stable creeping fault segments can become destructive as a result of dynamic weakening. Nature 2013;493:518–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Inaba M, Buszczak M, Yamashita YM. Nanotubes mediate niche-stem-cell signalling in the Drosophila testis. Nature 2015;523:329–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Kohler TA, Smith ME, Bogaard A, Feinman GM, Peterson CE, Betzenhauser A, et al. Greater post-Neolithic wealth disparities in Eurasia than in North America and Mesoamerica. Nature 2017;551:619–22.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bowen C. Children’s Speech Sound Disorders. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Sidhu AS, Dhillon SK, editors. Advances in Biomedical Infrastructure 2013: Proceedings of International Symposium on Biomedical Data Infrastructure (BDI 2013). vol. 477. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sobotka PA, Harrison DG, Fudim M. The Endpoint on Measuring the Clinical Effects of Renal Denervation: What Are the Best Surrogates. In: Heuser RR, Schlaich M, Sievert H, editors. Renal Denervation: A New Approach to Treatment of Resistant Hypertension, London: Springer; 2015, p. 25–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Snowball Earth: New Study Shows Antarctic Climate Even Gripped The Tropics. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Homeland Security: Oversight of Neglected Human Resources Information Technology Investment Is Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Motala S. Siblings caring for elderly parents with dementia. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kirk -- Sophia, Mawr B. HASTE: Aid to Britain. New York Times 1941:REVIEW OF THE WEEK EDITORIALSE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Abbreviation	Tech. Gastrointest. Endosc.
ISSN (print)	1096-2883
Scope	Gastroenterology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging