How to format your references using the Techniques in Coloproctology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Techniques in Coloproctology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Falke JJ (2002) Enzymology. A moving story. Science 295:1480–1481

A journal article with 2 authors

Yu WJ, Duan X (2013) Tunable transport gap in narrow bilayer graphene nanoribbons. Sci Rep 3:1248

A journal article with 3 authors

Grant AN, Brönnimann S, Haimberger L (2008) Recent Arctic warming vertical structure contested. Nature 455:E2-3; discussion E4-5

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Maret S, Franken P, Dauvilliers Y, et al (2005) Retinoic acid signaling affects cortical synchrony during sleep. Science 310:111–113

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raghavan V (2016) Combustion Technology. John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Mathis K (2009) Efficiency Instead of Justice?: Searching for the Philosophical Foundations of the Economic Analysis of Law. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Bettinson V (2016) Surviving Times of Austerity: Preserving the Specialist Domestic Violence Court Provision. In: Hilder S, Bettinson V (eds) Domestic Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Protection, Prevention and Intervention. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 81–103

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Techniques in Coloproctology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2016) NASA Will Be Making An Announcement Today - Here’s How To Watch Live. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) National Laboratories: Are Their R&D Activities Related to Commercial Product Development? U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carter IM (2015) The discourse of the divine: Radical traditions of Black feminism, musicking, and myth within the Black public sphere (Civil Rights to the present). Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Troy T (2017) How Conservatives Can Find Their Way. New York Times SR3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Techniques in Coloproctology
Abbreviation	Tech. Coloproctol.
ISSN (print)	1123-6337
ISSN (online)	1128-045X
Scope	Gastroenterology Surgery