How to format your references using the Teaching and Learning in Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching and Learning in Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van de Walle, A. (2014). Melting Mechanisms. Simulations provide a rare look at real melting. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6210), 704–705.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sharon, I., & Banfield, J. F. (2013). Microbiology. Genomes from metagenomics. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6162), 1057–1058.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ince, D. C., Hatton, L., & Graham-Cumming, J. (2012). The case for open computer programs. Nature, 482(7386), 485–488.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Canman, J. C., Lewellyn, L., Laband, K., Smerdon, S. J., Desai, A., Bowerman, B., & Oegema, K. (2008). Inhibition of Rac by the GAP activity of centralspindlin is essential for cytokinesis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5907), 1543–1546.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Narang, R. K. (2013). Inside the Black Box. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Arnon, A., Weinblatt, J., & Young, W. (Eds.). (2011). Perspectives on Keynesian Economics. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fisher, D. C. (2009). Paleobiology and Extinction of Proboscideans in the Great Lakes Region of North America. In G. Haynes (Ed.), American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene (pp. 55–75). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching and Learning in Nursing.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, November 18). The Arctic Is Currently An Astonishing THIRTY SIX DEGREES Warmer Than It Should Be. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/new-data-seems-to-show-that-the-arctic-is-astronomically-warmer-than-normal/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Weather Forecasting: NWS Has Not Demonstrated That New Processing System Will Improve Mission Effectiveness (AIMD-96-29). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Macy, P. (2017). Underachievement in Gifted Students: Understanding Perceptions of Educational Experiences, Attitudes Toward School, and Teacher Training [Doctoral dissertation]. Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt, L. F. (2005, October 9). Ready for Their Close-Up, a Couple Consults. New York Times, 14LI12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (van de Walle, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Sharon & Banfield, 2013; van de Walle, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sharon & Banfield, 2013)
Three authors: (Ince et al., 2012)
6 or more authors: (Canman et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching and Learning in Nursing
Abbreviation	Teach. Learn. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1557-3087
Scope	Fundamentals and skills Leadership and Management Research and Theory

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