How to format your references using the Teaching and Learning in Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching and Learning in Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Meyer, R. (2012). Finding the true value of US climate science. Nature, 482(7384), 133.

A journal article with 2 authors

Matsuoka, T., & Shimizu, K. (2009). Direct observation of a pressure-induced metal-to-semiconductor transition in lithium. Nature, 458(7235), 186–189.

A journal article with 3 authors

Assender, H., Bliznyuk, V., & Porfyrakis, K. (2002). How surface topography relates to materials’ properties. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5583), 973–976.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jiao, L., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Diankov, G., & Dai, H. (2009). Narrow graphene nanoribbons from carbon nanotubes. Nature, 458(7240), 877–880.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heitz, E., & Kreysa, G. (2005). Grundlagen der Technischen Elektrochemie. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Almeida, J. B. (2011). Rigorous Software Development: An Introduction to Program Verification (M. J. Frade, J. S. Pinto, & S. Melo de Sousa, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Craven, R., Toni, F., & Williams, M. (2014). Graph-Based Dispute Derivations in Assumption-Based Argumentation. In E. Black, S. Modgil, & N. Oren (Eds.), Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation: Second International Workshop, TAFA 2013, Beijing, China, August 3-5, 2013, Revised Selected papers (pp. 46–62). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching and Learning in Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, January 2). Scientists Discover Species Of Frog That Gives Birth To Live Tadpoles. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2015). Information Security: Department of Education and Other Federal Agencies Need to Better Implement Controls (GAO-16-228T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greenhall, J. A. (2008). Elucidating mechanisms of accelerated neurological aging [Doctoral dissertation]. University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1993, March 13). Hillary Clinton Health Panel Hears the People, Invitation Only. New York Times, 17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Meyer, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Matsuoka & Shimizu, 2009; Meyer, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Matsuoka & Shimizu, 2009)
Three authors: (Assender et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Jiao et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching and Learning in Nursing
Abbreviation	Teach. Learn. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1557-3087
Scope	Fundamentals and skills Leadership and Management Research and Theory