How to format your references using the Teaching and Learning in Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching and Learning in Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mézard, M. (2003). Physics/computer science. Passing messages between disciplines. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5640), 1685–1686.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pfisterer, A. B., & Schmid, B. (2002). Diversity-dependent production can decrease the stability of ecosystem functioning. Nature, 416(6876), 84–86.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, K., Mittler, J. E., & Samudrala, R. (2006). Comment on “Evidence for positive epistasis in HIV-1.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5775), 848; author reply 848.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Günther, T., Chen, Z. F., Kim, J., Priemel, M., Rueger, J. M., Amling, M., Moseley, J. M., Martin, T. J., Anderson, D. J., & Karsenty, G. (2000). Genetic ablation of parathyroid glands reveals another source of parathyroid hormone. Nature, 406(6792), 199–203.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

van Gumster, J., & Shimonski, R. (2010). GIMP Bible. Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Bryan, N. S., & Loscalzo, J. (Eds.). (2011). Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease. Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhu, J., Wang, J., Taylor, M., & Cox, I. J. (2009). Risk-Aware Information Retrieval. In M. Boughanem, C. Berrut, J. Mothe, & C. Soule-Dupuy (Eds.), Advances in Information Retrieval: 31th European Conference on IR Research, ECIR 2009, Toulouse, France, April 6-9, 2009. Proceedings (pp. 17–28). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching and Learning in Nursing.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017, May 30). Super-Earth Discovered Around Nearby Red Dwarf Star. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/superearth-discovered-around-nearby-red-dwarf-star/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Follow Up of Sanitary Conditions in Selected Food Industries (089017). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Partma, L. (2009). Media: Pretrial publicity and its effects [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Smith, M. (2014, December 29). A Kansas Town Rallies for a Modest Lifeline: A Local Grocery Store. New York Times, A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mézard, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Mézard, 2003; Pfisterer & Schmid, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pfisterer & Schmid, 2002)
Three authors: (Wang et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Günther et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching and Learning in Nursing
Abbreviation	Teach. Learn. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1557-3087
Scope	Fundamentals and skills Leadership and Management Research and Theory