How to format your references using the Systematic Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Systematic Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schiermeier Q. Westernizing Eastern-bloc science. Nature. 2008;453:558–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Patrinos A, Drell D. The times they are a-changin’. Nature. 2002;417:589–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Harvey CD, Coen P, Tank DW. Choice-specific sequences in parietal cortex during a virtual-navigation decision task. Nature. 2012;484:62–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Majo F, Rochat A, Nicolas M, Jaoudé GA, Barrandon Y. Oligopotent stem cells are distributed throughout the mammalian ocular surface. Nature. 2008;456:250–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Clayton LA. Bartolomé de las Casas and the Conquest of the Americas. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

1. Gruszka A, Matthews G, Szymura B, editors. Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition: Attention, Memory, and Executive Control. First. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bentley ML. Toward Awakening Consciousness: A Response to EcoJustice Education and Science Education. In: Tippins DJ, Mueller MP, Eijck M van, Adams JD, editors. Cultural Studies and Environmentalism: The Confluence of EcoJustice, Place-based (Science) Education, and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 29–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Systematic Reviews.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Competing Parasites Sabotage Each Other [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/competing-parasites-sabotage-each-other/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Regulatory Programs: Opportunities to Enhance Oversight of the Real Estate Appraisal Industry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Mar. Report No.: GAO-04-580T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lim L. Dual-class vs. single-class firms: Information environment [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shpigel B. Season Over, the Rangers Are Left to Consider What Might Have Been. New York Times. 2017 May 10;B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Systematic Reviews
Abbreviation	Syst. Rev.
ISSN (online)	2046-4053
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous)