How to format your references using the Symbiosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Symbiosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moraes M (2011) Perspective: Lessons from Brazil. Nature 474:S25

A journal article with 2 authors

Zanetti M, Mahadevan NR (2012) Cancer. Immune surveillance from chromosomal chaos? Science 337:1616–1617

A journal article with 3 authors

Unterreithmeier QP, Weig EM, Kotthaus JP (2009) Universal transduction scheme for nanomechanical systems based on dielectric forces. Nature 458:1001–1004

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bower GC, Falcke H, Herrnstein RM, et al (2004) Detection of the intrinsic size of Sagittarius A* through closure amplitude imaging. Science 304:704–708

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benchaib A (2015) Advanced Control of AC/DC Power Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Theofilis V, Soria J (eds) (2015) Instability and Control of Massively Separated Flows: Proceedings of the International Conference on Instability and Control of Massively Separated Flows, held in Prato, Italy, from 4-6 September 2013. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Havlena M, Heller J, Kayser H, et al (2012) Incongruence Detection in Audio-Visual Processing. In: Weinshall D, Anemüller J, Gool L van (eds) Detection and Identification of Rare Audiovisual Cues. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 67–75

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Symbiosis.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Common Drugs Can Affect Our Minds And Morals – But Should We Be Worried About It? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/common-drugs-can-affect-our-minds-and-morals-should-we-be-worried-about-it/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Organizational Transformation: Enterprise Architecture Value Needs to Be Measured and Reported. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Decker KM (2013) A study of relationships between counselor education, social justice advocacy competence, and likelihood to advocate. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L (1995) The Whole Earth Is at Stake, but It’s Just a Game. New York Times 223

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moraes 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Moraes 2011; Zanetti and Mahadevan 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zanetti and Mahadevan 2012)
Three or more authors: (Bower et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Symbiosis
Abbreviation	Symbiosis
ISSN (print)	0334-5114
ISSN (online)	1878-7665
Scope	General Agricultural and Biological Sciences