How to format your references using the Swarm and Evolutionary Computation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Swarm and Evolutionary Computation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Both, Comment on “Rapid advance of spring arrival dates in long-distance migratory birds,” Science 315 (2007) 598; author reply 598.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.M. Stevens, J.H. George, Exploring and engineering the cell surface interface, Science 310 (2005) 1135–1138.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Puliga, G. Caldarelli, S. Battiston, Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6822.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Goldraij, K. Kondo, C.B. Lee, C.N. Hancock, M. Sivaguru, S. Vazquez-Santana, S. Kim, T.E. Phillips, F. Cruz-Garcia, B. McClure, Compartmentalization of S-RNase and HT-B degradation in self-incompatible Nicotiana, Nature 439 (2006) 805–810.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G. Malhotra, Chemical Process Simplification, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Y. Liang, Silicon in Agriculture: From Theory to Practice, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E.A. Feinberg, Reduction of Discounted Continuous-Time MDPs with Unbounded Jump and Reward Rates to Discrete-Time Total-Reward MDPs, in: D. Hernández-Hernández, J.A. Minjárez-Sosa (Eds.), Optimization, Control, and Applications of Stochastic Systems: In Honor of Onésimo Hernández-Lerma, Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, 2012: pp. 77–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Swarm and Evolutionary Computation.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, This Is The Coldest Place In The Universe – And Now We Know Why, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/space/this-is-the-coldest-place-in-the-universe-and-now-we-know-why/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Environmental Protection: Bibliography of GAO Documents, August 1988-April 1990, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Z. Guo, Experimental Analysis of Polymer Nanocomposite Foaming Using Carbon Dioxide, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Alexander, What Should I Stop Buying and Make Instead?, New York Times (2011) MM48.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Swarm and Evolutionary Computation
Abbreviation	Swarm Evol. Comput.
ISSN (print)	2210-6502
Scope	General Computer Science General Mathematics