How to format your references using the Surgical Pathology Clinics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgical Pathology Clinics (PATH). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dekker J. Gene regulation in the third dimension. Science 2008;319(5871):1793–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Meissner A., Jaenisch R. Generation of nuclear transfer-derived pluripotent ES cells from cloned Cdx2-deficient blastocysts. Nature 2006;439(7073):212–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Villar G., Graham AD., Bayley H. A tissue-like printed material. Science 2013;340(6128):48–52.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jin C., Kim J., Utama MIB., et al. Imaging of pure spin-valley diffusion current in WS2-WSe2 heterostructures. Science 2018;360(6391):893–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smed J., Hakonen H. Algorithms and Networking for Computer Games. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Chauve C., El-Mabrouk N., Tannier E. Models and Algorithms for Genome Evolution. vol. 19. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Lokuciejewski P., Marwedel P. WCET-Aware Assembly Level Optimizations. In: Marwedel P, editor. Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p. 131–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgical Pathology Clinics.

Blog post

Andrew E. Active Volcano On Reunion Island Erupts For Third Time In 2015. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/active-volcano-reunion-islands-erupts-third-time-2015/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Services: Automation and Consolidation of Flight Service Stations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luse KM. Invariants of knots, graphs, and Feynman diagrams. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Dodgers’ Late-Inning Gamble Backfires in Cubs’ Timely Grand Slam. New York Times 2016:SP2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgical Pathology Clinics
Abbreviation	Surg. Pathol. Clin.
ISSN (print)	1875-9181
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine Surgery