How to format your references using the Surgery Open Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgery Open Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Scully T. Public health: Society at large. Nature 2014;508:S50-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Suter DM, Schibler U. Physiology. Feeding the clock. Science 2009;326:378–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Fry SN, Sayaman R, Dickinson MH. The aerodynamics of free-flight maneuvers in Drosophila. Science 2003;300:495–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Brennecke F, Ritter S, Donner T, Esslinger T. Cavity optomechanics with a Bose-Einstein condensate. Science 2008;322:235–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Illian J, Penttinen A, Stoyan H, Stoyan D. Statistical Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Grzech A, Borzemski L, Świątek J, Wilimowska Z, editors. Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 36th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology – ISAT 2015 – Part II. vol. 430. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Singer MB. Impact Scales of Fluvial Response to Management along the Sacramento River, California, USA: Transience Versus Persistence. In: Hudson PF, Middelkoop H, editors. Geomorphic Approaches to Integrated Floodplain Management of Lowland Fluvial Systems in North America and Europe, New York, NY: Springer; 2015, p. 53–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgery Open Science.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. What To Do About Liberia’s Island Colony Of Abandoned Lab Chimps? IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Teacher Training: Status and Participants’ Views of Delta Teachers Academy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Seesengood BN. Analysis of the Repairability of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Billard M. Tango On the Beach. New York Times 2010:E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgery Open Science
ISSN (print)	2589-8450
Scope