How to format your references using the Surgery Open Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgery Open Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Eisenberg RS. Science and the law. Patent swords and shields. Science 2003;299:1018–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Tibbetts EA, Dale J. A socially enforced signal of quality in a paper wasp. Nature 2004;432:218–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Touboul M, Puchtel IS, Walker RJ. 182W evidence for long-term preservation of early mantle differentiation products. Science 2012;335:1065–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Naveiras O, Nardi V, Wenzel PL, Hauschka PV, Fahey F, Daley GQ. Bone-marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic microenvironment. Nature 2009;460:259–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Simon L. Control of Biological and Drug-Delivery Systems for Chemical, Biomedical, and Pharmaceutical Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Dohi T, Nakagawa T, editors. Stochastic Reliability and Maintenance Modeling: Essays in Honor of Professor Shunji Osaki on his 70th Birthday. vol. 9. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Brion M. On Automorphisms and Endomorphisms of Projective Varieties. In: Cheltsov I, Ciliberto C, Flenner H, McKernan J, Prokhorov YG, Zaidenberg M, editors. Automorphisms in Birational and Affine Geometry: Levico Terme, Italy, October 2012, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 59–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgery Open Science.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. Vitamin Found To Halt Aging In Muscle Tissues And Increase Lifespan. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/awesome-vitamin-found-halt-aging-muscle-tissues/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: FTA’s New Starts Commitments for Fiscal Year 2003. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Powell JE. Menasha Litigation: Wake-Up Call or Just A False Alarm. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Murphy MJO. 139 Years Ago: American Museum of Natural History Opens Its Permanent Home. New York Times 2016:C32.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgery Open Science
ISSN (print)	2589-8450
Scope