How to format your references using the Surgery Open Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgery Open Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

van den Heuvel EPJ. Astronomy. Pulsar magnetospheres and pulsar death. Science 2006;312:539–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bourc’his D, Voinnet O. A small-RNA perspective on gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development. Science 2010;330:617–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Izawa Y, Pun D, Stahl SS. Palladium-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of substituted cyclohexanones to phenols. Science 2011;333:209–13.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hutko AR, Lay T, Revenaugh J, Garnero EJ. Anticorrelated seismic velocity anomalies from post-perovskite in the lowermost mantle. Science 2008;320:1070–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Schaik CPV. The Primate Origins of Human Nature. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Ratib O, Schwaiger M, Beyer T, editors. Atlas of PET/MR Imaging in Oncology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cheli F, Tarsitano D, Mapelli F. Inverter Losses Reduction Control Techniques for Plug-In HEV and FEV Traction Drive. In: Meyer G, Valldorf J, editors. Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010: Smart Systems for Green Cars and Safe Mobility, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010, p. 29–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgery Open Science.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Livestock Painkillers are Devastating Vulture Populations. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/livestock-painkillers-are-devastating-vulture-populations/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standard, Model Year 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kang H. Essays on Methodologies in Contingent Valuation and the Sustainable Management of Common Pool Resources. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kishkovsky S. Former Arsenal Houses Museum in Kiev, Ukraine. New York Times 2011:TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgery Open Science
ISSN (print)	2589-8450
Scope