How to format your references using the Subterranean Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Subterranean Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Allen MR (2003) Climate forecasting: possible or probable? Nature 425: 242.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ben-Jacob E, Levine H (2001) The artistry of nature. Nature 409: 985–986.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao B, Moore JS, Beebe DJ (2001) Surface-directed liquid flow inside microchannels. Science (New York, N.Y.) 291: 1023–1026.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chauhan P, Jain R, Dey B, Tyagi AK (2013) Adjunctive immunotherapy with α-crystallin based DNA vaccination reduces Tuberculosis chemotherapy period in chronically infected mice. Scientific reports 3: 1821.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yang H, Lee EK (2016) Healthcare Analytics: From Data to Knowledge to Healthcare Improvement. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

An edited book

Massaglia S, Bodo G, Mignone A, Rossi P (Eds) (2008) 754 Jets From Young Stars III: Numerical MHD and Instabilities. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, VIII, 178 p. 49 illus., 9 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Hagoel L, Kalekin-Fishman D (2016) Point of Departure. In: Kalekin-Fishman D (Ed.), From the Margins to New Ground: An Autoethnography of Passage between Disciplines. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 49–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Subterranean Biology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2016) Plant-Eating Dinosaur Success Was In The Jaws. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/planteating-dinosaur-success-was-in-the-jaws/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Weather Forecasting: NWS Has Not Demonstrated That New Processing System Will Improve Mission Effectiveness. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Domina NV (2009) Gender and culture influences on leadership perceptions. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M, Deb S (2017) How Outrage Built Over a Shakespearean Depiction of Trump. New York Times: A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Allen 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Ben-Jacob and Levine 2001, Allen 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ben-Jacob and Levine 2001)
Three or more authors: (Chauhan et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Subterranean Biology
ISSN (print)	1768-1448
ISSN (online)	1314-2615
Scope