How to format your references using the Structural Safety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Structural Safety. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Nee S. The great chain of being. Nature 2005;435:429.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lovett BW, Benjamin SC. Comment on “Multipartite entanglement among single spins in diamond.” Science 2009;323:1169; author reply 1169.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Spinner M, Westhoff G, Gorb SN. Subdigital setae of chameleon feet: friction-enhancing microstructures for a wide range of substrate roughness. Sci Rep 2014;4:5481.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Wang C-S, Chang T-Y, Lin T-Y, Chen Y-F. Biologically inspired flexible quasi-single-mode random laser: an integration of Pieris canidia butterfly wing and semiconductors. Sci Rep 2014;4:6736.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Evans GM, Furlong JC. Environmental Biotechnology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Hwang S-N, Lee H-S, Zhu J, editors. Handbook of Operations Analytics Using Data Envelopment Analysis. vol. 239. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lo C-F. The Soft Codification of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial. In: Wang W-Y, editor. Codification in International Perspective: Selected Papers from the 2nd IACL Thematic Conference, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 61–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Structural Safety.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. The Earth’s Inner Core Gives Up More Of Its Magnetic Secrets. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/earth-s-inner-core-gives-its-more-its-magnetic-secrets/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Leadership Needed to Collect and Disseminate Critical Biomedical Equipment Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Reich LM. Adapted physical education teachers’ attitudes towards their students with hidden and visible disabilities. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Gorman J. More Than the Sum of Its Parts. New York Times 2017:D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Structural Safety
Abbreviation	Struct. Saf.
ISSN (print)	0167-4730
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality Building and Construction

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