How to format your references using the Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Turner JA (2013) Chemistry. A nickel finish protects silicon photoanodes for water splitting. Science 342:811–812

A journal article with 2 authors

Merrell DS, Falkow S (2004) Frontal and stealth attack strategies in microbial pathogenesis. Nature 430:250–256

A journal article with 3 authors

Lightowlers RN, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM (2015) Mutations causing mitochondrial disease: What is new and what challenges remain? Science 349:1494–1499

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Huang Y, Zha G, Luo Q, et al (2014) The construction of hierarchical structure on Ti substrate with superior osteogenic activity and intrinsic antibacterial capability. Sci Rep 4:6172

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Karamalidis AK, Dzombak DA (2010) Surface Complexation Modeling. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bárány I, Böröczky KJ, Tóth GF, Pach J (eds) (2013) Geometry — Intuitive, Discrete, and Convex: A Tribute to László Fejes Tóth. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Banik SSR, Counter CM (2007) From Bread to Bedside: What Budding Yeast has Taught us about the Immortalization of Cancer Cells. In: Nitiss JL, Heitman J (eds) Yeast as a Tool in Cancer Research. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 123–139

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Metallic Glass Alloys Could Be Stronger Than Steel But As Malleable As Putty. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Rail Transit: FTA Programs Are Helping Address Transit Agencies’ Safety Challenges, but Improved Performance Goals and Measures Could Better Focus Efforts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Flores AT (2013) Children, incarcerated mothers and the child welfare system: A systematic review of the literature. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017) Back in Baltimore, Anthony Decides to Speak, but Doesn’t Say Much. New York Times B13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Turner 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Merrell and Falkow 2004; Turner 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Merrell and Falkow 2004)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment
Abbreviation	Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess.
ISSN (print)	1436-3240
ISSN (online)	1436-3259
Scope	Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality General Environmental Science Environmental Chemistry Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology