How to format your references using the Sports Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morduch, J. (2011). Economics. Why finance matters. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6035), 1271–1272.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brewer, P. G., & Peltzer, E. T. (2009). OCEANS. Limits to marine life. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5925), 347–348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Achlioptas, D., D’Souza, R. M., & Spencer, J. (2009). Explosive percolation in random networks. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5920), 1453–1455.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Clancy, D. J., Gems, D., Hafen, E., Leevers, S. J., & Partridge, L. (2002). Dietary restriction in long-lived dwarf flies. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5566), 319.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Strohfeldt, K. A. (2015). Essentials of Inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Hervás, R., Lee, S., Nugent, C., & Bravo, J. (Eds.). (2014). Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence. Personalisation and User Adapted Services: 8th International Conference, UCAmI 2014, Belfast, UK, December 2-5, 2014. Proceedings (Vol. 8867). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Inthorn, J. (2013). Medical Ethics, Fuzzy Logic and Shared Decision Making. In R. Seising & M. E. Tabacchi (Eds.), Fuzziness and Medicine: Philosophical Reflections and Application Systems in Health Care: A Companion Volume to Sadegh-Zadeh’s Handbook of Analytical Philosophy of Medicine (pp. 85–95). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 12). This is What 200 Calories Worth Of Different Foods Looks Like. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). School Facilities: States’ Financial and Technical Support Varies (HEHS-96-27). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Usborne, E. L. (2012). Sediment and phosphorus dynamics behind weirs in agricultural drainage ditches [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J. (2017, July 23). Close Encounters of the Human Kind. New York Times, C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Morduch, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Brewer & Peltzer, 2009; Morduch, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brewer & Peltzer, 2009)
Three authors: (Achlioptas et al., 2009)
6 or more authors: (Clancy et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Technology
Abbreviation	Sports Technol.
ISSN (print)	1934-6182
ISSN (online)	1934-6190
Scope	Engineering (miscellaneous) Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Human Factors and Ergonomics Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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