How to format your references using the Sports Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball, P. (2002). Statistics: the physics of society. Nature, 415(6870), 371.

A journal article with 2 authors

Katoh, H., & Negishi, M. (2003). RhoG activates Rac1 by direct interaction with the Dock180-binding protein Elmo. Nature, 424(6947), 461–464.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu, D. W.-L., Bischof, W. F., & Kingstone, A. (2013). Looking while eating: the importance of social context to social attention. Scientific Reports, 3, 2356.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, Y., He, H., Li, S., Liu, D., Lan, B., Hu, M., Cao, Y., & Wang, C. (2014). All-optical regulation of gene expression in targeted cells. Scientific Reports, 4, 5346.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. (2010). A Practical Approach to Hazard Identification for Operations and Maintenance Workers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Machado, J. A. T. (2011). Nonlinear and Complex Dynamics: Applications in Physical, Biological, and Financial Systems (D. Baleanu & A. C. J. Luo, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Tsay, Y.-K., & Wang, B.-Y. (2008). Automated Compositional Reasoning of Intuitionistically Closed Regular Properties. In O. H. Ibarra & B. Ravikumar (Eds.), Implementation and Applications of Automata: 13th International Conference, CIAA 2008, San Francisco, California, USA, July 21-24, 2008. Proceedings (pp. 36–45). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Technology.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, May 18). One Billion People In Immediate Jeopardy If Paris Agreement Fails. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Highway Public-Private Partnerships: More Rigorous Up-Front Analysis Could Better Secure Potential Benefits and Protect the Public Interest (GAO-08-1149R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, R. N. (2017). Inclusive Classrooms: A Basic Qualitative Study of K-8 Urban Charter School Teachers [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wyatt, E., & Walsh, M. W. (2012, October 31). For Flood Victims, Another Blow Is Possible. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Ball, 2002; Katoh & Negishi, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Katoh & Negishi, 2003)
Three authors: (Wu et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Wang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Technology
Abbreviation	Sports Technol.
ISSN (print)	1934-6182
ISSN (online)	1934-6190
Scope	Engineering (miscellaneous) Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Human Factors and Ergonomics Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation