How to format your references using the Sports Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Collins D. Misadventures in the Burgess Shale. Nature. 2009;460:952–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Tanaka T, Washimi H. Formation of the three-ring structure around supernova 1987A. Science. 2002;296:321–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Yabuta NH, Sawatari A, Callaway EM. Two functional channels from primary visual cortex to dorsal visual cortical areas. Science. 2001;292:297–300.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fyhn M, Hafting T, Treves A, Moser M-B, Moser EI. Hippocampal remapping and grid realignment in entorhinal cortex. Nature. 2007;446:190–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Schroeder K, Thompson T, Frith K, Pencheon D. Sustainable Healthcare. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Latouche G, Ramaswami V, Sethuraman J, Sigman K, Squillante MS, Yao DD, editors. Matrix-Analytic Methods in Stochastic Models. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kunche P, Reddy KVVS. Application of Meta-Heuristics to Speech Enhancement. In: Reddy KVVS, editor. Metaheuristic Applications to Speech Enhancement. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 25–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. New Study Suggests Genetic Link To Homosexuality [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/case-builds-genetic-influence-sexuality/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: FCC Needs to Improve Its Ability to Monitor and Determine the Extent of Competition in Dedicated Access Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Nov. Report No.: GAO-07-80.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rieger K. Phenomenological Exploration of the Characteristics of Successful Women Entrepreneurs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Murphy MJO. Friday File: A Household of April Fool’s Jokes. New York Times. 2016 Apr 1;C27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Medicine
Abbreviation	Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0112-1642
ISSN (online)	1179-2035
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation