How to format your references using the Sports Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Joos F. Global warming: Growing feedback from ocean carbon to climate. Nature. 2015;522:295–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pollard TD, Cooper JA. Actin, a central player in cell shape and movement. Science. 2009;326:1208–12.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Galloway KE, Franco E, Smolke CD. Dynamically reshaping signaling networks to program cell fate via genetic controllers. Science. 2013;341:1235005.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Setou M, Seog D-H, Tanaka Y, Kanai Y, Takei Y, Kawagishi M, et al. Glutamate-receptor-interacting protein GRIP1 directly steers kinesin to dendrites. Nature. 2002;417:83–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Benchaib A. Advanced Control of AC/DC Power Networks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

1. Albers B, Kuczma M, editors. Continuous Media with Microstructure 2. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. McDonald B, McGehee S, Landrum R. Laying Out a Report. In: McGehee S, Landrum R, editors. Pro SQL Server 2012 Reporting Services. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2012. p. 61–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. What Exactly Is A Super-Recognizer? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/exactly-is-superrecognizer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security Administration: Actions and Plans to Build a Results-Oriented Culture. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Jan. Report No.: GAO-03-190.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lowe C. A correlational study of the relationship between Learner Autonomy and academic performance [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly DA. When in Doubt, Insure. New York Times. 2010 Jun 20;TR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Medicine
Abbreviation	Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0112-1642
ISSN (online)	1179-2035
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation