How to format your references using the Sports Biomechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Biomechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mervis, J. (2000). 2001 BUDGET: Spending Bills Show No Sign of Surplus--Yet. Science (New York, N.Y.), 289(5476), 31.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pritchard, M. E., & Simons, M. (2002). A satellite geodetic survey of large-scale deformation of volcanic centres in the central Andes. Nature, 418(6894), 167–171.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, H., Chah, O.-K., & Sheen, J. (2011). Stem-cell-triggered immunity through CLV3p-FLS2 signalling. Nature, 473(7347), 376–379.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Milner, J. J., Toma, C., Yu, B., Zhang, K., Omilusik, K., Phan, A. T., Wang, D., Getzler, A. J., Nguyen, T., Crotty, S., Wang, W., Pipkin, M. E., & Goldrath, A. W. (2018). Erratum: Runx3 programs CD8+ T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours. Nature, 554(7692), 392.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bass, F. (2013). Guide to the Census. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

González Alonso, I. (2011). Service Robotics within the Digital Home: Applications and Future Prospects (M. Fernández, J. M. Maestre, & M. del P. A. García Fuente, Eds.; Vol. 53). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Soltakhanov, S. K., Yushkov, M. P., & Zegzhda, S. A. (2009). Application Of A Tangent Space To The Study Of Constrained Motion. In M. P. Yushkov & S. A. Zegzhda (Eds.), Mechanics of non-holonomic systems: A New Class of control systems (pp. 105–124). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Biomechanics.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, August 26). How Long Would It Take You To Fall Through Earth? IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Army ADP: Prevalence of Fourth Quarter Obligations (IMTEC-91-12). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sinha, R. (2017). An Integrated Development Environment for the Clara Constraint-Programming Language [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tavernise, S. (2015, August 9). A Moscow of Dancing Feet, Under an Iron Fist. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mervis, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Mervis, 2000; Pritchard & Simons, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pritchard & Simons, 2002)
Three authors: (Lee et al., 2011)
6 or more authors: (Milner et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Biomechanics
Abbreviation	Sports Biomech.
ISSN (print)	1476-3141
ISSN (online)	1752-6116
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation