How to format your references using the Spinal Cord citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spinal Cord. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Müller MM. Object processing in the infant brain. Science 2001; 292: 163.

A journal article with 2 authors

Minamishima YA, Kaelin WG Jr. Reactivation of hepatic EPO synthesis in mice after PHD loss. Science 2010; 329: 407.

A journal article with 3 authors

Falck J, Coates J, Jackson SP. Conserved modes of recruitment of ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs to sites of DNA damage. Nature 2005; 434: 605–611.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Phua KKL, Staats HF, Leong KW, Nair SK. Intranasal mRNA nanoparticle vaccination induces prophylactic and therapeutic anti-tumor immunity. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 5128.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Doerfler W. Foreign DNA in Mammalian Systems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH: Weinheim, Germany, 2007.

An edited book

Trappl R (ed.). Programming for Peace: Computer-Aided Methods for International Conflict Resolution and Prevention. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Ghosh P, Bhattacharjee D, Nasipuri M. An Automatic Non-invasive System for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. In: Chaki R, Saeed K, Choudhury S, Chaki N (eds). Applied Computation and Security Systems: Volume One. Springer India: New Delhi, 2015, pp 59–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spinal Cord.

Blog post

Andrew E. Women Scientists You Need To Know. IFLScience. 2014.https://www.iflscience.com/physics/women-scientists-you-need-know/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Procurement: Competition for Major Data-Processing Project Was Unjustifiably Limited. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greene GL. An Analysis of the Comparison between Classroom Grades Earned with a Standards-Based Grading System and Grade-Level Assessment Scores as Measured by the Missouri Assessment Program. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG. Adventures in Comics and the Real World. New York Times. 2017; : C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Spinal Cord
Abbreviation	Spinal Cord
ISSN (print)	1362-4393
ISSN (online)	1476-5624
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Neurology