How to format your references using the Spinal Cord citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spinal Cord. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eddy SR. Genetics. Total information awareness for worm genetics. Science 2006; 311: 1381–1382.

A journal article with 2 authors

van der Zwaag D, Meijer EW. SELF-ORGANIZATION. Fueling connections between chemistry and biology. Science 2015; 349: 1056–1057.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hilgenkamp H, Moshchalkov VV, Kes P. Physics. Flux quanta on the move. Science 2003; 302: 1159–1160.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Stellamanns E, Uppaluri S, Hochstetter A, Heddergott N, Engstler M, Pfohl T. Optical trapping reveals propulsion forces, power generation and motility efficiency of the unicellular parasites Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6515.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simon P, Brousse T, Favier F. Supercapacitors Based on Carbon or Pseudocapacitive Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2017.

An edited book

Larsson L, Stern F, Visonneau M (eds.). Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics: An assessment of the Gothenburg 2010 Workshop. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Ahlert D, Schefer B. The Risks of Admissible Price-Maintenance Systems for the Effectiveness of Inter-Brand Competition. In: Schefer B (ed). Vertical Price Coordination and Brand Care: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Prohibition of Resale Price Maintenance. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013, pp 33–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spinal Cord.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Deep Influence Of The A-Bomb On Anime And Manga. IFLScience. 2015.https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/deep-influence-bomb-anime-and-manga/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Exploration: Cost, Schedule, and Performance of NASA’s Magellan Mission to Venus. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walsh CT. Molecular Pharmacodynamics of Chemotherapy: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Inhibitors as Chemosensitizers. 2005.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Groups Trace Soldiers’ Footsteps. New York Times. 1994; : 514.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Spinal Cord
Abbreviation	Spinal Cord
ISSN (print)	1362-4393
ISSN (online)	1476-5624
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Neurology