How to format your references using the Spermatogenesis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spermatogenesis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maxmen A. Three technologies that changed genetics. Nature 2015; 528:S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fraser PJ, Shelmerdine RL. Dogfish hair cells sense hydrostatic pressure. Nature 2002; 415:495–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nandy D, Muñoz-Jaramillo A, Martens PCH. The unusual minimum of sunspot cycle 23 caused by meridional plasma flow variations. Nature 2011; 471:80–2.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Darling KF, Wade CM, Stewart IA, Kroon D, Dingle R, Brown AJ. Molecular evidence for genetic mixing of Arctic and Antarctic subpolar populations of planktonic foraminifers. Nature 2000; 405:43–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Darling-Hammond L, Meyerson D, LaPointe M, Terry Orr M, Barber M, Cohen C, Dailey K, Davis S, Flessa J, Murphy J, et al. Preparing Principals for a Changing World. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bas; 2009.

An edited book

Privat M. Pro iOS Persistence: Using Core Data. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Reichart G, Leen G, Courmont N, Knüppel R, Schmid C, Brockmann M. Applications. In: Lawrenz W, editor. CAN System Engineering: From Theory to Practical Applications. London: Springer; 2013. page 255–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spermatogenesis.

Blog post

Taub B. There’s A Gene That Reverses Cellular Aging, And Now We Know How [Internet]. IFLScience2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/theres-a-gene-that-reverses-cellular-aging-and-now-we-know-how/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transatlantic Aviation: Effects of Easing Restrictions on U.S.-European Markets. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klimek DL. Antigone’s reach: A feminine model for today’s businesswoman. 2008;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Uncle Junior, a k a Dominic Chianese, Sings His Album, “Hits” (of Course). New York Times2001; :146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Spermatogenesis
Abbreviation	Spermatogenesis
ISSN (print)	2156-5554
ISSN (online)	2156-5562
Scope