How to format your references using the Spermatogenesis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spermatogenesis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wojchowski D. Eugene Goldwasser (1922-2010). Nature 2011; 470:40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maillard I, Pear WS. Immunology. Keeping a tight leash on Notch. Science 2007; 316:840–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grünwald D, Singer RH, Rout M. Nuclear export dynamics of RNA-protein complexes. Nature 2011; 475:333–41.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Todorov A, Mandisodza AN, Goren A, Hall CC. Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes. Science 2005; 308:1623–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Keiser G. FTTX Concepts and Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

King RB, Bernardo ABI, editors. The Psychology of Asian Learners: A Festschrift in Honor of David Watkins. 1st ed. 2016. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim-Prieto C, Diener E, Tamir M, Scollon C, Diener M. Integrating the Diverse Definitions of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework of Subjective Well-Being. In: Delle Fave A, editor. The Exploration of Happiness: Present and Future Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. page 47–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spermatogenesis.

Blog post

Luntz S. Doubt Raised About Higgs Boson Discovery [Internet]. IFLScience2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/more-colorful-higgs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Motor Carrier Safety: FMCSA Has Devoted a Small but Increasing Amount of Resources to Develop the Compliance, Safety, Accountability Program but Is Requesting a Significant Increase for Full Implementation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen M. Therapeutic groups for adults with mental illness and their caregivers: A grant proposal. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Halbfinger DM, Hubbard B. Airstrikes on Syrian Sites Renew Focus on Chemical Arms. New York Times2017; :A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Spermatogenesis
Abbreviation	Spermatogenesis
ISSN (print)	2156-5554
ISSN (online)	2156-5562
Scope