How to format your references using the Speech Communication citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Speech Communication. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Levine, M., 2014. Retrospective. Walter Gehring (1939-2014). Science 345, 277.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhou, W.-X., Chen, K.-Q., 2014. Enhancement of thermoelectric performance by reducing phonon thermal conductance in multiple core-shell nanowires. Sci. Rep. 4, 7150.

A journal article with 3 authors

Finnegan, N.J., Schumer, R., Finnegan, S., 2014. A signature of transience in bedrock river incision rates over timescales of 10(4)-10(7) years. Nature 505, 391–394.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xiao, X., Yao, Y., Zhou, L.-M., Wang, X., 2014. Distribution of quantum Fisher information in asymmetric cloning machines. Sci. Rep. 4, 7361.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Takezawa, K., 2005. Introduction to Nonparametric Regression: Takezawa/Introduction, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Flanagan, C., König, B. (Eds.), 2012. Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems: 18th International Conference, TACAS 2012, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2012, Tallinn, Estonia, March 24 – April 1, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Meiburg, E., 2010. Instabilities of Miscible Interfaces, in: Schlatter, P., Henningson, D.S. (Eds.), Seventh IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition: Proceedings of the Seventh IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009, IUTAM Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 27–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Speech Communication.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Rare Double Neutron Star Discovered Thanks To Einstein@Home Project [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/rare-double-neutron-star-discovered-thanks-to-einsteinhome-project/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Nonfederal Student Loans (No. HRD-93-1R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bono, S., 2013. Perceptions of Psychological Abuse and the Impact of Blame and Gender Role Beliefs (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J., 2017. Reading by Numbers. New York Times BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Levine, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Levine, 2014; Zhou and Chen, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhou and Chen, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Xiao et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Speech Communication
Abbreviation	Speech Commun.
ISSN (print)	0167-6393
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Science Applications Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software Modelling and Simulation Linguistics and Language Communication