How to format your references using the South African Journal of Psychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Journal of Psychiatry (SAJP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rothchild L. This Year’s . . Science 2000;289(5481):871–872.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nicholson JM, Ioannidis JPA. Research grants: Conform and be funded. Nature 2012;492(7427):34–36.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chaudhuri J, Khuong C, Alt FW. Replication protein A interacts with AID to promote deamination of somatic hypermutation targets. Nature 2004;430(7003):992–998.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Parikh N, Youssef M, Swarup S, Eubank S. Modeling the effect of transient populations on epidemics in Washington DC. Sci Rep 2013;3:3152.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nakhjiri M, Nakhjiri M. AAA and Network Security for Mobile Access. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006;

An edited book

Castano S, Vassiliadis P, Lakshmanan LV, Lee ML, editors. Advances in Conceptual Modeling: ER 2012 Workshops CMS, ECDM-NoCoDA, MoDIC, MORE-BI, RIGiM, SeCoGIS, WISM, Florence, Italy, October 15-18, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012;

A chapter in an edited book

Yongsunthon R, Tao C, Rous P, Williams ED. Surface Electromigration and Current Crowding. In: Michailov M, editor. Nanophenomena at Surfaces: Fundamentals of Exotic Condensed Matter Properties. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011; p. 113–143.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Journal of Psychiatry.

Blog post

Fang J. Researchers Identify ‘Redness’ Gene In Birds. IFLScience. 2016;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Medical Education: Curriculum and Financing Strategies Need to Encourage Primary Care Training. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farrugia TJ. Abundance, habitat use and movement patterns of the shovelnose guitarfish (Rhinobatus productus) in a restored Southern California estuary. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. As Storm Exits, Paths Lead to Open. New York Times. 2011;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Journal of Psychiatry
ISSN (print)	1608-9685
ISSN (online)	2078-6786
Scope