How to format your references using the South African Journal of Information Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Journal of Information Management (SAJIM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lovley, D.R., 2001, ‘Bioremediation. Anaerobes to the rescue’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5534), 1444–1446.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beckmann, R. & Herrmann, J.M., 2015, ‘Structural biology. Mitoribosome oddities’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6232), 288–289.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeng, M.-S., Ng, N.K. & Ng, P.K.L., 2004, ‘Feeding behaviour: hydrothermal vent crabs feast on sea “snow”’, Nature, 432(7020), 969.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yasuda, S., Oceguera-Yanez, F., Kato, T., Okamoto, M., Yonemura, S., Terada, Y., Ishizaki, T. & Narumiya, S., 2004, ‘Cdc42 and mDia3 regulate microtubule attachment to kinetochores’, Nature, 428(6984), 767–771.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis, J.H., 2011, Statistics for Compensation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ferry, B., 2014, Stereotaxic Neurosurgery in Laboratory Rodent: Handbook on Best Practices, Springer, Paris.

A chapter in an edited book

Galazka-Friedman, J., Friedman, A. & Bauminger, E.R., 2009, ‘Iron in the brain’, in E. Kuzmann & K. Lázár (eds.), ISIAME 2008: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Industrial Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (ISIAME 2008) held in Budapest, Hungary, 17–22 August 2008, pp. 31–37, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Journal of Information Management.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015, Study Suggests The First-Born Child Is More Likely To Be Overweight, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2010, Aviation Safety: Icing and Winter Weather-Related Recommendations That NTSB Has Issued Since 1996 (GAO-10-679SP), an E-supplement to (GAO-10-678), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez, S.G., 2010, Devotion to land: The Virgin Mary and the Mudejar in the post-conquest program of Alfonso X of Castile, 1252–1284 – PhD thesis, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky, L., 2010, Artists in Residence, New York Times, p. M224.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lovley 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Lovley 2001; Beckmann & Herrmann 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Beckmann & Herrmann 2015)
Three or more authors: (Yasuda et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Journal of Information Management
ISSN (print)	2078-1865
ISSN (online)	1560-683X
Scope