How to format your references using the South African Geographical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Geographical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Peplow, M. (2013). Structure: the anatomy of sleep. Nature, 497(7450), S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peebles, P. J. E., & Nusser, A. (2010). Nearby galaxies as pointers to a better theory of cosmic evolution. Nature, 465(7298), 565–569.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kellis, M., Birren, B. W., & Lander, E. S. (2004). Proof and evolutionary analysis of ancient genome duplication in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature, 428(6983), 617–624.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Liu, X., Shao, Y., Tang, Y., & Yao, K.-F. (2014). Highly uniform and reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering on air-stable metallic glassy nanowire array. Scientific Reports, 4, 5835.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lamattina, J. L. (2012). Devalued and Distrusted. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hartman, A., & Kreische, D. (Eds.). (2005). Model Driven Architecture – Foundations and Applications: First European Conference, ECMDA-FA 2005, Nuremberg, Germany, November 7-10, 2005. Proceedings (Vol. 3748). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Stoica, T., Sutter, E., & Calarco, R. (2010). GaN and InN Nanowires: Growth and Optoelectronic Properties. In V. Bârsan & A. Aldea (Eds.), Trends in Nanophysics: Theory, Experiment and Technology (pp. 73–96). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Geographical Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, August 9). Why Do We Kiss? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-do-we-kiss/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). National Airspace System: Regional Airport Planning Could Help Address Congestion If Plans Were Integrated with FAA and Airport Decision Making (GAO-10-120). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kalafut, A. J. (2010). Proactive cyberfraud detection through infrastructure analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson, M. (2017, August 10). ‘Jersey Boys’ to Have Off Broadway Run. New York Times, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Peplow, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Peebles & Nusser, 2010; Peplow, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Peebles & Nusser, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Geographical Journal
Abbreviation	S. Afr. Geogr. J.
ISSN (print)	0373-6245
ISSN (online)	2151-2418
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Geography, Planning and Development