How to format your references using the South African Geographical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Geographical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Steinberger, B. (2008). Geophysics. Reconstructing Earth history in three dimensions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5903), 866–868.

A journal article with 2 authors

Newman, J. R. S., & Keating, A. E. (2003). Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5628), 2097–2101.

A journal article with 3 authors

West, M., Sánchez, J. J., & McNutt, S. R. (2005). Periodically triggered seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, after the Sumatra earthquake. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5725), 1144–1146.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hori, M., Shibuya, K., Sato, M., & Saito, Y. (2014). Lethal effects of short-wavelength visible light on insects. Scientific Reports, 4, 7383.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Modarres, M., Amiri, M., & Jackson, C. (2017). Probabilistic Physics of Failure Approach to Reliability. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lapidus, M. L. (2006). Fractal Geometry, Complex Dimensions and Zeta Functions: Geometry and Spectra of Fractal Strings (M. van Frankenhuijsen, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Xu, Y., & Zeng, Z. (2015). A Low Redundancy and High Coverage Node Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks. In L. Sun, H. Ma, D. Fang, J. Niu, & W. Wang (Eds.), Advances in Wireless Sensor Networks: The 8th China Conference, CWSN 2014, Xi’an, China, October 31--November 2, 2014. Revised Selected Papers (pp. 42–51). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Geographical Journal.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, October 5). Caffeine May Protect Older Women From Dementia. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Need for a Government-Wide Budget Classification Structure for Federal Research and Development Information (PAD-77-14). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Castiglione, A. (2010). Counterproductive work behaviors: The role of employee support policies, envy, and narcissism [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2013, April 19). In Congress, a Bill Seeks to Tie Municipal Borrowing Power to Public Pension Disclosure. New York Times, B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Steinberger, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Newman & Keating, 2003; Steinberger, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Newman & Keating, 2003)
Three authors: (West et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Hori et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Geographical Journal
Abbreviation	S. Afr. Geogr. J.
ISSN (print)	0373-6245
ISSN (online)	2151-2418
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Geography, Planning and Development