How to format your references using the South African Geographical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Geographical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ryan, M. J. (2011). Replication in field biology: the case of the frog-eating bat. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6060), 1229–1230.

A journal article with 2 authors

Spencer, J. R., & Denk, T. (2010). Formation of Iapetus’ extreme albedo dichotomy by exogenically triggered thermal ice migration. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5964), 432–435.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schirle, N. T., Sheu-Gruttadauria, J., & MacRae, I. J. (2014). Structural basis for microRNA targeting. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6209), 608–613.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Miwa, K., Takano, J., Omori, H., Seki, M., Shinozaki, K., & Fujiwara, T. (2007). Plants tolerant of high boron levels. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5855), 1417.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chang, C. M. (2010). Service Systems Management and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Esquinas, A. M. (Ed.). (2010). Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation: Theory, Equipment, and Clinical Applications. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Altalag, A., Road, J., & Wilcox, P. (2009). Respiratory Muscle Function & Other Pulmonary Function Studies. In J. Road & A. Altalag (Eds.), Pulmonary Function Tests in Clinical Practice (pp. 81–89). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Geographical Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, October 14). Most Vitamins Are Useless, But Here Are The Ones You Should Take. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). School Improvement Grants: Early Implementation Under Way, but Reforms Affected by Short Time Frames (GAO-11-741). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peters, A. (2009). The mark of gender: Depicting power and the female body in colonial Peru [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, L. (2017, August 18). Trump Tale of Pershing Killing Muslim Captives ‘Has No Basis in Truth.’ New York Times, A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ryan, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Ryan, 2011; Spencer & Denk, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Spencer & Denk, 2010)
Three authors: (Schirle et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Miwa et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Geographical Journal
Abbreviation	S. Afr. Geogr. J.
ISSN (print)	0373-6245
ISSN (online)	2151-2418
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Geography, Planning and Development