How to format your references using the South African Actuarial Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Actuarial Journal (SAAJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

O’Gorman, PA (2014) Contrasting responses of mean and extreme snowfall to climate change Nature 512, 416–418

A journal article with 2 authors

Bianco, PR & Kowalczykowski, SC (2000) Translocation step size and mechanism of the RecBC DNA helicase Nature 405, 368–372

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu, Y-Y, Slotine, J-J & Barabási, A-L (2011) Controllability of complex networks Nature 473, 167–173

A journal article with 9 or more authors

Sumner, S, Hughes, WOH, Pedersen, JS & Boomsma, JJ (2004) Ant parasite queens revert to mating singly Nature 428, 35–36

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maidl, B, Herrenknecht, M, Maidl, U & Wehrmeyer, G (2011) Maschineller Tunnelbau im Schildvortrieb Weinheim, Germany, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

An edited book

Kosnik, C, Beck, C, Freese, AR & Samaras, AP (eds.) (2005) Making a Difference in Teacher Education Through Self-Study: Studies of Personal, Professional and Program Renewal V. 2. (Self Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices). Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands

A chapter in an edited book

Sheth, S & Desai, AP (2016) Pyloric Stenosis. In S. Guandalini, A. Dhawan, & D. Branski (eds.) (2016: 35–39)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Actuarial Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, E (2015) Losing Bees Will Sting More Than Just Our Taste For Honey IFLScience Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/losing-bees-will-sting-more-just-our-taste-honey/ [Accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Aviation Security: Progress Made but Actions Needed to Address Challenges in Meeting the Air Cargo Screening Mandate (GAO-10-880T) Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bradley, KA (2014) A Tennessee Irish Picnic: Foodways and Complex Community Dynamics Doctoral dissertation University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Acosta, D & Robles, F (2017) Month After a Storm, Puerto Rico Awaits Power New York Times 20 October: A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (O’Gorman, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (O’Gorman, 2014; Bianco & Kowalczykowski, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bianco & Kowalczykowski, 2000)
Three authors: (Liu, Slotine & Barabási, 2011)
6 or more authors: (Sumner, Hughes, Pedersen & Boomsma, 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Actuarial Journal
ISSN (print)	1680-2179
Scope