How to format your references using the Sociology of Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sociology of Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Venema, Liesbeth. 2005. “Schrödinger’s Mousetrap. Part 3.” Nature 433(7025):463.

A journal article with 2 authors

Evans, Evan A., and David A. Calderwood. 2007. “Forces and Bond Dynamics in Cell Adhesion.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316(5828):1148–53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mayr, Gerald, Burkhard Pohl, and D. Stefan Peters. 2005. “A Well-Preserved Archaeopteryx Specimen with Theropod Features.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 310(5753):1483–86.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hoffmann, D. L., C. D. Standish, M. García-Diez, P. B. Pettitt, J. A. Milton, J. Zilhão, J. J. Alcolea-González, P. Cantalejo-Duarte, H. Collado, R. de Balbín, M. Lorblanchet, J. Ramos-Muñoz, G. Ch Weniger, and A. W. G. Pike. 2018. “U-Th Dating of Carbonate Crusts Reveals Neandertal Origin of Iberian Cave Art.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 359(6378):912–15.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stoute, Kees. 2014. Help, I’m Rich! Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Naumenko, Konstantin. 2016. Modeling High Temperature Materials Behavior for Structural Analysis: Part I: Continuum Mechanics Foundations and Constitutive Models. Vol. 28. edited by H. Altenbach. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

van Ooijen, Peter M. A., Wisnu Kristanto, Gonda J. de Jonge, Caroline Kuehnel, Anja Hennemuth, Tobias Boskamp, Jaap M. Groen, and André Broekema. 2009. “Multi-Dimensional Computed Cardiac Visualization.” Pp. 297–338 in Coronary Radiology, Medical Radiology, edited by M. Oudkerk and M. F. Reiser. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sociology of Education.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Songbirds Can Sense Impending Storms.” IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1997. Aviation Safety: Installation of Smoke Detection and Fire Suppression Systems in U.S. Transport Aircraft. RCED-98-54R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bissell, Goni Hary. 2011. “Working in the Transference as a Multicultural Intervention.” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. 2001. “Neighbors Say a School Is Just a Growing Bully.” New York Times, June 10, 147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Venema 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Evans and Calderwood 2007; Venema 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Evans and Calderwood 2007)
Three authors: (Mayr, Pohl, and Peters 2005)
4 or more authors: (Hoffmann et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sociology of Education
Abbreviation	Sociol. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0038-0407
Scope	Education Sociology and Political Science