How to format your references using the Sociology of Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sociology of Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boothroyd, Arnold I. 2006. “Astronomy. Heavy Elements in Stars.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 314(5806):1690–91.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buyx, Alena, and Joyce Tait. 2011. “Ethics. Ethical Framework for Biofuels.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 332(6029):540–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rood, Robert T., T. M. Bania, and Dana S. Balser. 2002. “Cosmology. The Saga of 3He.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295(5556):804–5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Charras, Guillaume T., Justin C. Yarrow, Mike A. Horton, L. Mahadevan, and T. J. Mitchison. 2005. “Non-Equilibration of Hydrostatic Pressure in Blebbing Cells.” Nature 435(7040):365–69.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Taylor, Thomas A. 2010. Guide to LEED® 2009 Estimating and Preconstruction Strategies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sengupta, Debashish, ed. 2014. Recent Trends in Modelling of Environmental Contaminants. New Delhi: Springer India.

A chapter in an edited book

Subbiahdoss, Guruprakash, Joana F. da Silva Domingues, Roel Kuijer, Henny C. van der Mei, and Henk J. Busscher. 2013. “Bridging the Gap Between In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Biomaterial-Associated Infections.” Pp. 107–17 in Biomaterials Associated Infection: Immunological Aspects and Antimicrobial Strategies, edited by T. F. Moriarty, S. A. J. Zaat, and H. J. Busscher. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sociology of Education.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2015. “Different Butterflies And Moths Experience Climate Change Differently.” IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018 (https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/different-butterflies-and-moths-experience-climate-change-differently/).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Federal Efforts to Ensure Continued Delivery of Key State-Administered Benefits. T-AIMD-99-241. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schewe, Elizabeth Marie. 2016. “Re-Establishing Connections: Listening to Women Psychology Students Talk about Recovery.” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barry, Ellen, and Sophia Kishkovsky. 2011. “For Tolstoy and Russia, Still No Happy Ending.” New York Times, January 4, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Boothroyd 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Boothroyd 2006; Buyx and Tait 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buyx and Tait 2011)
Three authors: (Rood, Bania, and Balser 2002)
4 or more authors: (Charras et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sociology of Education
Abbreviation	Sociol. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0038-0407
Scope	Education Sociology and Political Science