How to format your references using the Small-scale Forestry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small-scale Forestry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baker M (2012) Functional genomics: The changes that count. Nature 482:257, 259–62

A journal article with 2 authors

Riddihough G, Zahn LM (2010) Epigenetics. What is epigenetics? Introduction. Science 330:611

A journal article with 3 authors

Arimbasseri AG, Kassavetis GA, Maraia RJ (2014) Transcription. Comment on “Mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase III transcription termination.” Science 345:524

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhao W, Sun Y, Balsam W, et al (2014) Hf-Nd isotopic variability in mineral dust from Chinese and Mongolian deserts: implications for sources and dispersal. Sci Rep 4:5837

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fryirs KA, Brierley GJ (2012) Geomorphic Analysis of River Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Jefferies ME, Yeap W-K (eds) (2008) Robotics and Cognitive Approaches to Spatial Mapping. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Jen W, Chang W, Chou S (2006) Cybercrime in Taiwan – An Analysis of Suspect Records. In: Chen H, Wang F-Y, Yang CC, et al. (eds) Intelligence and Security Informatics: International Workshop, WISI 2006, Singapore, April 9, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 38–48

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small-scale Forestry.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Are You Smarter Than A Crow? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/are-you-smarter-crow/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Health, Education and Human Services Information Systems Issue Area--Active Assignments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Filomena TP (2010) Technology portfolio and capacity expansion under uncertainty. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Packer G (2013) Celebrating Inequality. New York Times A21

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Baker 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Riddihough and Zahn 2010; Baker 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Riddihough and Zahn 2010)
Three or more authors: (Zhao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small-scale Forestry
Abbreviation	Small Scale Forest.
ISSN (print)	1873-7617
ISSN (online)	1873-7854
Scope	Forestry

Research and Writing Guides