How to format your references using the Small-scale Forestry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small-scale Forestry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Busse FH (2004) Physics. Visualizing the dynamics of the onset of turbulence. Science 305:1574–1575

A journal article with 2 authors

Schuchmann K, Müller V (2013) Direct and reversible hydrogenation of CO2 to formate by a bacterial carbon dioxide reductase. Science 342:1382–1385

A journal article with 3 authors

Couch FJ, Nathanson KL, Offit K (2014) Two decades after BRCA: setting paradigms in personalized cancer care and prevention. Science 343:1466–1470

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Benitah SA, Frye M, Glogauer M, Watt FM (2005) Stem cell depletion through epidermal deletion of Rac1. Science 309:933–935

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hartmann AK, Weigt M (2005) Phase Transitions in Combinatorial Optimization Problems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Voeks R, Rashford J (eds) (2013) African Ethnobotany in the Americas. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Aydogan-Duda N (2012) Business Environment, Innovation Culture, and Technology Clusters in Developing Countries. In: Aydogan-Duda N (ed) Making It to the Forefront: Nanotechnology—A Developing Country Perspective. Springer, New York, NY, pp 41–46

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small-scale Forestry.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Take First X-Ray Images Of Living Bacteria. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Railroad Safety: Continued Emphasis Needed for an Effective Track Safety Inspection Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

De Anda B (2012) Factors that contribute to the stigma of mental illness. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR N (2017) Thousands of Russians Present Letters of Protest in Demonstrations. New York Times A9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Busse 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Busse 2004; Schuchmann and Müller 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schuchmann and Müller 2013)
Three or more authors: (Benitah et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small-scale Forestry
Abbreviation	Small Scale Forest.
ISSN (print)	1873-7617
ISSN (online)	1873-7854
Scope	Forestry