How to format your references using the Small-scale Forestry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small-scale Forestry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston D (2007) Passing the test. Nature 449:391

A journal article with 2 authors

Lloyd K, White J (2011) Democratizing clinical research. Nature 474:277–278

A journal article with 3 authors

Danchin E, Wajnberg E, Wagner RH (2014) Avoiding pitfalls in estimating heritability with the common options approach. Sci Rep 4:3974

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bawden GW, Thatcher W, Stein RS, et al (2001) Tectonic contraction across Los Angeles after removal of groundwater pumping effects. Nature 412:812–815

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burrell DB (2011) Towards a Jewish-Christian-Muslim Theology. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Lam C-M, Park J (eds) (2016) Sociological and Philosophical Perspectives on Education in the Asia-Pacific Region. Springer, Singapore

A chapter in an edited book

Anderson E, McCormack M (2016) Bisexuality as a Unique Social Problem. In: McCormack M (ed) The Changing Dynamics of Bisexual Men’s Lives: Social Research Perspectives. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 49–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small-scale Forestry.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Richard Branson’s New Plane Will Fly You From The US To Europe In 3 Hours. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/richard-bransons-new-plane-will-fly-you-from-the-us-to-europe-in-3-hours/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) Computers: Information on the Patent and Trademark Office Automation Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Survis FD (2010) Residential lawn water use and lawn irrigation practices: Wellington, Florida. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2012) ‘Big Rich Texas’ Becomes an Unlikely Reality-TV Hit. New York Times A33B

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Goldston 2007; Lloyd and White 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lloyd and White 2011)
Three or more authors: (Bawden et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small-scale Forestry
Abbreviation	Small Scale Forest.
ISSN (print)	1873-7617
ISSN (online)	1873-7854
Scope	Forestry