How to format your references using the Small-scale Forestry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small-scale Forestry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baker S (2015) Infectious disease. A return to the pre-antimicrobial era? Science 347:1064–1066

A journal article with 2 authors

Gourlay CM, Dahle AK (2007) Dilatant shear bands in solidifying metals. Nature 445:70–73

A journal article with 3 authors

Saran R, Stolojan V, Curry RJ (2014) Ultrahigh performance C60 nanorod large area flexible photoconductor devices via ultralow organic and inorganic photodoping. Sci Rep 4:5041

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dong Y-J, Wang X-F, Yang S-W, Wu X-M (2014) High performance current and spin diode of atomic carbon chain between transversely symmetric ribbon electrodes. Sci Rep 4:6157

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Praetorius S, Schößer B (2016) Bentonithandbuch. Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany

An edited book

Khan S, Khan Pathan A-S (eds) (2013) Wireless Networks and Security: Issues, Challenges and Research Trends. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Amaris H, Alonso M, Ortega CA (2013) Reactive Power Optimization. In: Alonso M, Alvarez Ortega C (eds) Reactive Power Management of Power Networks with Wind Generation. Springer, London, pp 55–76

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small-scale Forestry.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Scientists Name Top 100 Unusual And Endangered Birds. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Rail Transit: Reliability of FTA’s Rail Accident Database. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dahdah S (2008) Modeling an infrastructure safety rating for vulnerable road users in developing countries. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2007) When Grease Is the Way You Are Feeling. New York Times NJ6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Baker 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Gourlay and Dahle 2007; Baker 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gourlay and Dahle 2007)
Three or more authors: (Dong et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small-scale Forestry
Abbreviation	Small Scale Forest.
ISSN (print)	1873-7617
ISSN (online)	1873-7854
Scope	Forestry