How to format your references using the Small citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. G. G. M. Tielens, Science 2003, 300, 68.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Z. Jing, L. Wu, Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 7412.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

I. I. Naumov, L. Bellaiche, H. Fu, Nature 2004, 432, 737.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I.-J. Kim, Y. Zhang, M. Yamagata, M. Meister, J. R. Sanes, Nature 2008, 452, 478.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Tiwari, R. A. Gerhardt, M. Szutkowska, Advanced Ceramic Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

P. L. Bonate, D. R. Howard, Eds. , Pharmacokinetics in Drug Development: Advances and Applications, Volume 3, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Buttazzo, S. Solimini, A. Pratelli, E. Stepanov, in Optimal Urban Networks via Mass Transportation (Eds: A. Pratelli, E. Stepanov, S. Solimini), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009, pp. 1–29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, “Enormous Meteor Caught On Camera In Bangkok,” can be found under https://www.iflscience.com/space/dramatic-video-captures-meteor-exploding-above-bangkok/, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Surface Transportation Security: TSA Has Taken Steps Designed to Develop Processes for Sharing and Analyzing Information and to Improve Rail Security Incident Reporting, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. H. Randall, Information Technology Certification Programs and Perceptions of Attitude and Need by High School Principals, Information Technology Teachers, and Information Technology Professionals in Ohio, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Gorman, New York Times 2017, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Small
Abbreviation	Small
ISSN (print)	1613-6810
ISSN (online)	1613-6829
Scope	Biotechnology Engineering (miscellaneous) Biomaterials