How to format your references using the Sleep Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

McGillicuddy DJ Jr. Oceans. Eddies masquerade as planetary waves. Science 2011;334:318–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sennett R, Rendl M. Developmental biology. A scar is born: origins of fibrotic skin tissue. Science 2015;348:284–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Haitin Y, Carlson AE, Zagotta WN. The structural mechanism of KCNH-channel regulation by the eag domain. Nature 2013;501:444–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sano M, Kamino A, Okamura J, Shinkai S. Ring closure of carbon nanotubes. Science 2001;293:1299–301.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Denny HR, Butterworth SJ. A Guide to Canine and Feline Orthopaedic Surgery. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Luna A. Diffusion MRI Outside the Brain: A Case-Based Review and Clinical Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hospers G-J, Reverda N. Policy Reactions on Population Decline. In: Reverda N, editor. Managing Population Decline in Europe’s Urban and Rural Areas, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 39–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep Science.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Study With 95,000 Children Finds No Link Between Autism and Measles Vaccine, Even In High Risk Children. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/study-95000-children-found-no-link-between-autism-and-measles-vaccine/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Federal R&D Laboratories--Directors’ Perspectives on Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sowers PA. “Klanaheim”: Suburbia, civic identity, and the second Ku Klux Klan. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wagner J. Mets’ Bullpen Undermines An Outburst Of Offense. New York Times 2017:SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep Science
Abbreviation	Sleep Sci.
ISSN (print)	1984-0063
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Behavioral Neuroscience