How to format your references using the Sleep Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kidwell SM. Preservation of species abundance in marine death assemblages. Science 2001;294:1091–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

McAndrew P, Scanlon E. Education. Open learning at a distance: lessons for struggling MOOCs. Science 2013;342:1450–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Jiang K, Li Q, Fan S. Nanotechnology: spinning continuous carbon nanotube yarns. Nature 2002;419:801.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Eldar A, Dorfman R, Weiss D, Ashe H, Shilo B-Z, Barkai N. Robustness of the BMP morphogen gradient in Drosophila embryonic patterning. Nature 2002;419:304–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Rochange C, Uhrig S, Sainrat P. Time-Predictable Architectures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Goodloe AE, Person S, editors. NASA Formal Methods: 4th International Symposium, NFM 2012, Norfolk, VA, USA, April 3-5, 2012. Proceedings. vol. 7226. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Boer T. The Relation between Theology and Philosophy, A Story of Troubled Twins. In: Fløistad G, editor. Philosophy of Religion, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010, p. 107–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep Science.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Philae Lander Is Missing. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Bridge Program: Condition of Nation’s Bridges Shows Limited Improvement, but Further Actions Could Enhance the Impact of Federal Investment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bain Butler D. How L2 legal writers use strategies for scholarly writing: A mixed methods study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. Struggling Puerto Rico Defaults on Its Debt Payments. New York Times 2016:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep Science
Abbreviation	Sleep Sci.
ISSN (print)	1984-0063
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Behavioral Neuroscience