How to format your references using the Sleep and Biological Rhythms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep and Biological Rhythms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Wentworth P Jr. Tech.Sight. Antibody design by man and nature. Science. 2002;296:2247–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cuffey KM, Marshall SJ. Substantial contribution to sea-level rise during the last interglacial from the Greenland ice sheet. Nature. 2000;404:591–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Brummelkamp TR, Bernards R, Agami R. A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. Science. 2002;296:550–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhang J, Bu X, Wang H, Zhu Y, Geng Y, Nihira NT, et al. Cyclin D-CDK4 kinase destabilizes PD-L1 via cullin 3-SPOP to control cancer immune surveillance. Nature. 2018;553:91–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pétrowski A, Ben-Hamida S. Evolutionary Algorithms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

1. Goel TC. Lymphatic Filariasis. Goel A, editor. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gauthier J. Ethical and Social Issues in Combat Sports: Should Combat Sports Be Banned? In: Wallace WA, Wroble RR, Maffulli N, Kordi R, editors. Combat Sports Medicine. London: Springer; 2009. p. 73–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep and Biological Rhythms.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Carnivores In Captivity: A Question Of Motive And Ethics [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/carnivores-captivity-question-motive-and-ethics/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Bureau of Indian Affairs Should Do More to Help Educate Indian Students. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Nov. Report No.: HRD-77-155.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mathus MA. The Relationship between Teacher Evaluation Ratings and Student Achievement in a Rural, Midwest School District [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schwartz J. ‘A Conservative Climate Solution’: Republican Group Calls for a Carbon Tax. New York Times. 2017 Feb 8;A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep and Biological Rhythms
Abbreviation	Sleep Biol. Rhythms
ISSN (print)	1446-9235
ISSN (online)	1479-8425
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical) Neurology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology