How to format your references using the Skeletal Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Skeletal Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Jiang J. Patents: Protecting China’s national treasure. Nature. 2011;480:S93.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Price DJ, Rosswog S. Producing ultrastrong magnetic fields in neutron star mergers. Science. 2006;312:719–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sinclair ARE, Mduma S, Brashares JS. Patterns of predation in a diverse predator-prey system. Nature. 2003;425:288–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Luyssaert S, Schulze E-D, Börner A, Knohl A, Hessenmöller D, Law BE, et al. Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Nature. 2008;455:213–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. DiBattista M. Novel Characters. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

1. Ernst E, editor. ECOOP 2007 – Object-Oriented Programming: 21st European Conference, Berlin, Germany, July 30 - August 3, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Melles GRJ. Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty. In: Reinhard T, Larkin DFP, editors. Cornea and External Eye Disease. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 65–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Skeletal Radiology.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Using HIV To Cut And Paste The Human Genome [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/using-hiv-cut-and-paste-human-genome/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airport Funding: FAA’s and Industry’s Cost Estimates for Airport Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017 Mar. Report No.: GAO-17-504T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Maas CC. Emergency department utilization patterns in patients with diabetes [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Herrington N. When You’re Dope And You Know It. New York Times. 2017 Jul 28;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Skeletal Radiology
Abbreviation	Skeletal Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0364-2348
ISSN (online)	1432-2161
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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