How to format your references using the Insights into Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Insights into Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lu S (2014) Zn2+ blocks annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA in a sequence-selective manner. Sci Rep 4:5464

A journal article with 2 authors

Logan BE, Elimelech M (2012) Membrane-based processes for sustainable power generation using water. Nature 488:313–319

A journal article with 3 authors

Hayden EJ, Ferrada E, Wagner A (2011) Cryptic genetic variation promotes rapid evolutionary adaptation in an RNA enzyme. Nature 474:92–95

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mundil R, Ludwig KR, Metcalfe I, Renne PR (2004) Age and timing of the Permian mass extinctions: U/Pb dating of closed-system zircons. Science 305:1760–1763

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brauer RL (2005) Safety and Health for Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Brüntje D, Gajda O (2016) Crowdfunding in Europe: State of the Art in Theory and Practice, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Ebihara Y, Peaucelle D, Arzelier D (2015) Multiobjective Controller Synthesis for LTI Systems. In: Peaucelle D, Arzelier D (eds) S-Variable Approach to LMI-Based Robust Control. Springer, London, pp 139–164

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Insights into Imaging.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) New Research Reveals Why Humans Don’t Have A Penis Bone. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-research-reveals-why-humans-dont-have-a-penis-bone/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1977) Comments on Loan Guarantee Provisions of H.R. 13350, the 1977 Authorization Bill for the Energy Research and Development Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carpenter DM (2009) Understanding the effect of conflicting information on medication adherence for vasculitis patients. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Endrst J (2016) Hugh O’Brian, Dashing Leading Man Remembered for ‘Wyatt Earp,’ Dies at 91. New York Times B6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Insights into Imaging
Abbreviation	Insights Imaging
ISSN (online)	1869-4101
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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