How to format your references using the Skeletal Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Skeletal Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kaplan AE. The long and the short of it. Nature. 2004;431:633.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Koch C, Hepp K. Quantum mechanics in the brain. Nature. 2006;440:611.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Weiss E, Kislev ME, Hartmann A. Anthropology. Autonomous cultivation before domestication. Science. 2006;312:1608–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Falk D, Hildebolt C, Smith K, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Brown P, et al. The brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis. Science. 2005;308:242–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Singh MP, Huhns MN. Service-Oriented Computing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Alexander M, D’Ambra P, Belloum A, Bosilca G, Cannataro M, Danelutto M, et al., editors. Euro-Par 2011: Parallel Processing Workshops: CCPI, CGWS, HeteroPar, HiBB, HPCVirt, HPPC, HPSS, MDGS, ProPer, Resilience, UCHPC, VHPC, Bordeaux, France, August 29 – September 2, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Boulier F, Chen C, Lemaire F, Moreno Maza M. Real Root Isolation of Regular Chains. In: Feng R, Lee W-S, Sato Y, editors. Computer Mathematics: 9th Asian Symposium (ASCM2009), Fukuoka, December 2009, 10th Asian Symposium (ASCM2012), Beijing, October 2012, Contributed Papers and Invited Talks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 33–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Skeletal Radiology.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. How Malaria Species Combine To Make Infections Worse. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Rulemaking: Agencies’ Use of Information Technology to Facilitate Public Participation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Jun. Report No.: GGD-00-135R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lauterbach JR. Golf in the Collective: Playing in Liminal Space [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Asia: Agreement On Last Leg Of Border. New York Times. 2005 Jun 3;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Skeletal Radiology
Abbreviation	Skeletal Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0364-2348
ISSN (online)	1432-2161
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging